Greenberg Rivera (woundflare6)

Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is widely used in adults when percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) is contraindicated. The authors evaluated the safety, efficacy and utility of TJLB in pediatric patients with contraindications to PLB. Twenty-three children and adolescents (13 male) underwent 24 (one patient had two separate biopsies) consecutive biopsies (TJLB) under general anaesthesia (18) or intravenous sedation (6). PLB was contraindicated because of elevated prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) (˃ 15.5/1.5) in 19 (79.2%) and thrombocytopenia ( less then 60,000/dL) in 15 (62.5%) procedures. Derangement in both INR and platelet count were found in 12 (50%) cases. Significant ascites was present in 10 (41.7%) procedures. Technical success rate with adequate biopsy sample was 95.8% (23/24) with no major complications. A new diagnosis was established in 9 (37.5%) cases. Another 14 (58.34%) biopsies confirmed the initial diagnoses. Four cases also revealed additional information guiding overall management and prognosis. Thus, TJLB is a safe and useful procedure in children. To study epidemiological profile, prevalence, and molecular epidemiology of RVGE in hospitalized under-5 children at a tertiary care teaching rural hospital located in sub-Himalayan belt of Northern India. This was a hospital-based surveillance study done over 4 y (2016-2019) including under-5 children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Demographic and clinical parameters were recorded in a pre-designed performa. After consent, stool samples were collected and sent to Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore for RV screening by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Each EIA-positive sample was further subjected to G and P typing using published methods. Out of total 851 included children, rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) was detected in 23.03% (196/851) cases by EIA. click here The highest incidence for RVGE-positive cases (40.43%) was observed in 2016 with gradual decline over next 3 y. Maximum cases of diarrhea were observed in 12-23 mo age group along with highest rotavirus detection. G3P[8] was most common genotype (46.94%) found, followed by G1P[8] (13.78%), G2P[4] (4.59%), G1P[6] (8.16%) and G9P[4] (3.57%). Mixed genotype was seen in 13.78% of total cases. This study summarizes the changing trends in the epidemiology of RVGE in Northern India along with the major circulating genotypes postvaccine introduction. This study summarizes the changing trends in the epidemiology of RVGE in Northern India along with the major circulating genotypes postvaccine introduction.The pyrolyzation of sewage sludge (SS) could efficiently transform inherent phosphorus (P) into bioavailable phosphate forms, which endows SS-derived biochar (SSB) the potential as a soil fertilizer. However, the details about the release behavior of P in SSB have not been systematically investigated. This study evaluated the fast and slow P releasing behaviors from SSB and CaO-amended SSB prepared under different pyrolysis temperature. The higher pyrolysis temperature and CaO addition could enhance the conversion of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) into more bioavailable apatite inorganic phosphorous (AP). Acidic and alkaline conditions were favorable for the fast release of P from SSB. Higher ionic strength condition gave greater releasing amounts of TP and the SO42- facilitating a rapid release of TP than those for Cl- and NO3-. SSBs with CaO addition showed a much slower TP release than those without CaO both in fast release (24 h, with CaO 0.05~0.4 mg TP g-1 SSB, e.g., without CaO 0.5~5 mg TP g-1 SSB) and slow release tests (21 days, with CaO 1.2~4.1 mg TP g-1 SSB, e.g., without CaO 1.8~5.7 mg TP g-1 SSB). Ortho-P release was more remarkable for the SSB amended with CaO (~54% of TP), which was likely due to the formation of orthophosphate. The results of this study suggested that SSB prepared by high pyrolysis tem