Gissel List (virgotea1)

Background Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped gram-negative bacteria associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancer. The global burden and occurrence of H. pylori infection remains prevalent and worldwide. Despite this, the trend of the bacterial resistance is not recently studied which can help in the adoption of global, regional and local prevention strategies. Objective The aim of the study was to systematically review the existing published literature that presents the estimate of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. Methods A protocol was primarily registered in PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews and has given a registration number CRD42017068710. It was registered after checking whether there was similar study being conducted. A database search (PubMed/Medline and Google scholar) was used to collect relevant articles. A standardized form was prepared for the extraction of relevant data from studies which fulfilled the eligibility criteria. A National Institute for Health research (NIH)-based quality assessment tool was utilized to assess the quality of studies included in the study. Results Our searching process has retrieved a total of 288 publications which later resulted in 38 articles for full-text review. Among the 38 articles reviewed in full text, 14 studies were included which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. H.pylori-pooled overall prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance was found to be 4.55% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.96-5.22%) to amoxicillin, 27.22% (95% CI 25.89-28.58%) to clarithromycin, 39.66% (95% CI 38.20-41.15%) to metronidazole, and 22.48% (95% CI 21.24-23.76%) to levofloxacin. Conclusion The primary antibiotic resistance pattern of H. pylori is increasing worldwide. Thus, implementation of local drug susceptibility surveillance program, rational prescribing and use of antibiotics are necessary.Purpose To study the clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality of patients who had Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective study to determine the clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality for S. maltophilia infections among hospitalized adult patients at Siriraj Hospital. The clinical and microbiological data were collected from medical records December 2013-December 2016. Results Of 1221 subjects whose clinical samples grew S. maltophilia, 213 were randomly selected for chart review. One hundred patients with a true infection were analyzed. JNJ-2113 Their median age was 66 years; 47 were males; 46 were critically ill with a median APACHE II score of 18 (2-32); and 91 received antibiotic treatment, mainly with carbapenems (56%), before being diagnosed with a S. maltophilia infection. Pulmonary (53%) and bloodstream infections (25%) were the most common infections. The median length of hospitalization was 19 days before infecti factors associated with a fatal outcome.Introduction Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections. The emergence of colistin-resistant A. baumannii is a significant threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization and genotyping of clinical A. baumannii isolates in Southwestern Iran. Methods A total of 70 A. baumannii isolates were collected from patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran. Minimum inhibitory concentration test was conducted by using Vitek 2 system. The presence of biofilm-forming genes and colistin resistance-related genes were evaluated by PCR. The isolates were also examined for their biofilm formation ability and the expression of pmrA and pmrB genes. Finally, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PCR-based sequence group were used to determine the genetic relationships of the isolates. Results Overall, 61 (87.1%) and 9 (12.8%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), r