Jakobsen Bullard (violinred1)

The preprocessing spectra and variables selection can affect the accuracy and precision of infrared spectroscopy methods. The variable selection can be done using the wavenumber point technique, the wavenumber interval, or a combination thereof. Variable selection is more commonly used for near-infrared data than for IR data. The optimization of the preprocessing spectra and variables selection technique will be useful in increasing the ability of infrared spectroscopy in predicting compound levels.Tracheostomy in Covid-19 patients is an aerosol generating procedure putting health care workers at great risk. Retrospective study of tracheostomy in ten Covid-19 patients with ARDS using modifications of the surgical techniques revealed its efficacy in limiting the risks of spread to health care workers and improving surgical outcome.Deviated nasal septum and turbinate hypertrophy are the most common causes for nasal obstruction, which compromise nasal airflow and increases airway resistance. These conditions can further reduce the airflow to lung, which will affect the lung volume and function subsequently reduces the exercise tolerance. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of upper airway surgeries like septoplasty and turbinoplasty on lower airway functions using simple tests like spirometry and 6 min walking test (6mWt). This research was a prospective study. There were 88 subjects in the study who completed follow up. Spirometry and 6mWt was performed 1 day before and 1 month after surgery in all subjects. Mean preoperative and postoperative values of spirometry (forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and 6mWt (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturation) parameters were compared and analyzed. Percentage of improvement of each parameter was compared with the type of surgery, side of obstruction, age of the patient and duration of symptom. Spirometry showed statistically significant improvement in all 4 parameters after surgery in 86 subjects. 6mWt showed statistically significant improvement in SBP and SpO2 and there was no significant improvement in DBP and HR. We also observed that improvement in parameters was irrespective of age and duration of symptoms. So this study concludes that airway narrowing nasal diseases can compromise lower airway function.Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a deadly pandemic throughout the world. Many case series from all over the globe and in India are detecting a very high frequency of chemo sensitive disorders in COVID-19. There is increasing evidence that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction can be present in COVID-19 patients. Olfactory and gustatory function was subjectively tested in 300 COVID-19 patients admitted at our hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu first through telephonic interviews followed by online questionnaire. Among our test population, 159 patients (53%) reported olfactory and gustatory alterations within 5 days of testing positive for COVID-19. 52% of those complaining olfactory dysfunction developed it before testing positive while 45% of those having gustatory dysfunction reported the same before testing positive for the disease. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions represent common clinical findings in COVID-19 patients. Otorhinolaryngologists and head-neck surgeons must by now keep this diagnostic option in mind when evaluating cases of non-specific anosmia and ageusia that arose suddenly and are not associated with rhinitis/influenza symptoms.The ureteroileal anastomotic stricture is a complication of ileal conduit urinary diversion. To prevent the hydronephrosis and protect the renal function, a single-J ureteral stent may be needed. However, the most common complication of these patients is single-J stent obstruction. To solve this problem, we describe an easy, u