Elgaard Lam (violinart70)

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemase production and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in 47 carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates by phenotypic confirmatory tests and molecular assay. METHODOLOGY Carbapenem resistance genes KPC, OXA-48 and NDM were investigated with the BD MAX CRE assay kit in the BD MAX real time PCR instrument. Modified Hodge test, MBL gradient strip test, D70C Carbapenemase Detection Set, Temocillin gradient strip test methods were used as phenotypic confirmatory tests. Clonal relationship between study isolates was investigated with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Analysis with BD MAX CRE assay revealed OXA-48 positivity in 17 (36%) strains, NDM positivity in 6 (13%) strains and coexistence of OXA-48 + NDM positivity in 8 (17%) strains. In 16 (34%) strains, none of the KPC, OXA-48 and NDM genes were detected. While MHT was the most sensitive phenotypic confirmatory test, D70C disc set had not been considered as a useful tool to assist the search for carbapenemase production. Temocillin gradient test alone could not be considered as sufficient to detect the presence of OXA-48. PFGE analyses revealed that 23 of 31 carbapenemase producing strains were in three major PFGE genotypes (A, B and C). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that carbapenem resistance observed in K. pneumoniae isolates was mainly due to OXA-48 and NDM genes and the increase of carbapenem resistance among K. pneumoniae strains in our hospital was due to the interhospital spread of especially 3 epidemic clones. Copyright (c) 2019 Esra Ciftci, Emel Sesli Cetin, Ebru Us, Huseyin Haydar Kutlu, Buket Cicioglu Arıdogan.INTRODUCTION This research aimed to determine the association of the combination of H. pylori infection and TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with non-cardia gastric cancer (GC) in Vietnam. METHODOLOGY A total of 164 patients with non-cardia GC and 164 patients with peptic ulcer disease or functional dyspepsia in controls matched by sex and age were enrolled. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cagA gene-positivity and vacA sm subtypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Genotypes of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection in GC and control group were 61.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The rates of cagA-positive strains in the two H. pylori-positive groups were 80.2% and 71.4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in TP53 codon 72 genotype distribution between GC group (frequencies of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes were 31.1%, 43.3% and 25.6%, respectively) and controls (29.3%, 52.4% and 18.3%, respectively), p = 0.172. The significant difference in genotype distribution was observed in recessive model (Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro) when stratifying by H. pylori infection (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.03-3.96, p = 0.041) and by cagA-positivity (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.07-5.07, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a synergistic interaction between H. pylori infection, especially cagA-positive H. pylori, and Pro/Pro genotype of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GC in the Vietnamese population. Copyright (c) 2019 Thi Minh Thi Ha, Thanh Nha Uyen Le, Viet Nhan Nguyen, Van Huy Tran.INTRODUCTION In addition to antibiotic treatment, slow-growing and non-cultivable bacteria can lead to false-negative results for sterile body site infections. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for such infections. METHODOLOGY Following routine culture procedures, 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) PCR was performed for samples collected from sterile body sites between July 2017and September 2018. The samples were separated into two groups for likely (group 1) and unlikely