Sigmon Hartmann (tileframe4)

bution of adipose tissue as well as remodeling of fat cells to a more benign profile. Reduction of fat cell size might be a possible target to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with obesity in the future. No earlier systematic review and meta-analysis have been done on the association between maternal serum vitamin D status and risk of GDM among prospective studies. The current study was done to systematically review prospective cohort studies (with several years of follow-up) on the association between maternal serum vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and risk of GDM. Relevant papers published up to January 2020 were searched through PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using suitable keywords. All prospective cohort studies reporting Hazard Ratios (HRs) or Relative Risks (RRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for GDM across categories of maternal serum vitamin D status were included. A total of 29 prospective and nested case-control studies were included in the current systematic review, of which 27 studies had sufficient data for the meta-analysis. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency had a 26% greater risk of developing GDM than those with normal serum vitamin D concentrations (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.13, 1.41). In addition, a significant positive association was seen between combined vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency and risk of developing GDM (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11, 1.35). Dose-response analysis showed a significant U-shaped non-linear association between serum vitamin D concentrations and risk of developing GDM (P<0.001), such that those with serum vitamin D concentrations between 40 and 90nmol/L had significantly reduced risk of GDM. We found a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of GDM. Fenebrutinib The lowest risk of GDM was found among those with a serum vitamin D levels of 40-90nmol/L. Further studies, including randomized clinical trials, are needed to confirm our findings. PROSPERO (ID 180722), https//. PROSPERO (ID 180722), https//. Marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lower circulating levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs), and the plant-derived omega-6 (n-6) PUFA linoleic acid (LA) may reduce cholesterol levels. Clinical studies on effects of these dietary or supplemental PUFAs on other blood fat fractions are few and have shown conflicting results. This study aimed to determine effects of high-dose supplemental n-3 (EPA+DHA) and n-6 (LA) PUFAs from high-quality oils on circulating lipoprotein subfractions and standard lipids (primary outcomes), as well as apolipoproteins, fatty acids, and glycemic control (secondary outcomes), in females and males with abdominal obesity. This was a randomized double-blind crossover study with two 7-wk intervention periods separated by a 9-wk washout phase. Females (n=16) were supplemented with 3g/d of EPA+DHA (TAG fish oil) or 15g/d of LA (safflower oil), while males (n=23) received a dose of 4g/d of EPA+DHfatty acids (-19%∗ vs.+5.5%, p=0.033), and total cholesterol (-0.28% vs.-4.4%∗, p=0.042). A differential response in relative change scores was also found for apolipoprotein (apo)B (+0.40% vs.-6.0%∗, p=0.008), apoA-II (-6.0%∗ vs.+1.5%, p=0.001), apoC-II (-11%∗ vs.-1.7%, p=0.025), and apoE (+3.3% vs.-3.8%, p=0.028). High-dose supplementation of high-quality oils with n-3 (EPA+DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFAs was followed by reductions in primarily TAG- or cholesterol-related markers, respectively. The responses after both interventions point to changes in the lipoprotein-lipid-apolipoprotein profile that have been associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, also among people with TAG or LDL-C levels within the normal range. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier