Munck Crowell (tightsbeer42)

Directing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) toward chondrogenesis is critical for ADSC-based articular cartilage regeneration. Simvastatin (SIM) was reported to promote both chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs by upregulating bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). We previously found that ADSC chondrogenesis is initiated and promoted in a hyaluronan (HA) microenvironment (HAM). Here, we further hypothesized that SIM augments HAM-induced chondrogenesis but not osteogenesis of ADSCs. ADSCs were treated with SIM in a HAM (SIM plus HAM) by HA-coated wells or HA-enriched fibrin (HA/Fibrin) hydrogel, and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs was evaluated. SIM plus HAM increased chondrogenesis more than HAM or SIM alone, including cell aggregation, chondrogenic gene expression (collagen type II and aggrecan) and cartilaginous tissue formation (collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycan). In contrast, SIM-induced osteogenesis in ADSCs was reduced in SIM plus HAM, including mRNA expression of osteogenic genes, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALP activity and mineralization. SIM plus HAM also showed the most effective increases in the mRNA expression of BMP-2 and transcription factors of SOX-9 and RUNX-2 in ADSCs, while these effects were reversed by CD44 blockade. HAM suppressed the levels of JNK, p-JNK, P38 and p-P38 in ADSCs, and SIM plus HAM also decreased SIM-induced phosphorylated JNK and p38 levels. In addition, SIM enhanced articular cartilage regeneration, as demonstrated by implantation of an ADSCs/HA/Fibrin construct in an ex vivo porcine articular chondral defect model. The results from this study indicate that SIM may be an enhancer of HAM-initiated MSC-based chondrogenesis and avoid osteogenesis.A detailed examination of the principle of operation behind the functioning of the full-self-powered humidity sensor is presented. The sensor has been realized as a structure consisting of an interdigitated capacitor with aluminum thin-film digits. In this work, the details of its fabrication and activation are described in detail. The performed XRD, FTIR, SEM, AFM, and EIS analyses, as well as noise measurements, revealed that the dominant process of electricity generation is the electrochemical reaction between the sensor's aluminum electrodes and the water from humid air in the presence of oxygen, which was the main goal of this work. The response of the sensor to human breath is also presented as a demonstration of its possible practical application.In the vehicle pose estimation task based on roadside Lidar in cooperative perception, the measurement distance, angle, and laser resolution directly affect the quality of the target point cloud. For incomplete and sparse point clouds, current methods are either less accurate in correspondences solved by local descriptors or not robust enough due to the reduction of effective boundary points. selleck chemical In response to the above weakness, this paper proposed a registration algorithm Environment Constraint Principal Component-Iterative Closest Point (ECPC-ICP), which integrated road information constraints. The road normal feature was extracted, and the principal component of the vehicle point cloud matrix under the road normal constraint was calculated as the initial pose result. Then, an accurate 6D pose was obtained through point-to-point ICP registration. According to the measurement characteristics of the roadside Lidars, this paper defined the point cloud sparseness description. The existing algorithms were tested on point cloud data with different sparseness. The simulated experimental results showed that the positioning MAE of ECPC-ICP was about 0.5% of the vehicle scale, the orientation MAE was about 0.26°, and the average registration success rate was 95.5%, which demonstrated an improvement in accuracy and robustness compared with current methods. In the real test environment, the positioning MAE was about 2.6% of the vehicle sca