Rosen Jacobsen (tableattack8)

Amantadine and memantine, apart from their action on cholinergic receptors and dopamine secretion, have a significant influence on the inflammatory process, including the so-called "cytokine storm" and reduction of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Amantadine also inhibits the induction of inflammatory factors such as RANTES, activates kinase p38 of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), which inhibit viral replication. It also significantly inhibits the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the bronchial epithelial cell and blocks the viroporin proton channel of the virus. In addition, it has the ability to pass through the membrane of lysosomes into their interior and act as an alkalizing agent, which prevents the release of viral RNA into the cell, which may be a key element in therapeutic management. Memantine also reduces inflammation, mainly in the nervous system, but also acts as a lysosomotropic factor, inhibiting viral replication. However, it is important to bear in mind when undertaking amantadine or memantine therapy with side effects that may overlap with COVID- 19 symptoms, worsening the condition of patients. Currently, the effectiveness of amantadine and memantine in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 symptoms has been demonstrated in a few clinical trials, mainly in patients treated for neurodegenerative diseases. The obtained results are of considerable value, but require confirmation in further studies.In a traditional epiglottis biopsy surgery, the operator performs the direct laryngoscopy to visualise an operating field. However, in patients with tumour-altered epiglottis, this procedure can be unsuccessful, because of difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE). This term refers to an insufficient visualisation of larynx, according to anatomical and pathological lesions. The aim of paper was to present a video laryngoscopy performed for surgical purpose in patient with tumour-altered epiglottis. Woman 52 year old was admitted to hospital for planned surgical epiglottis biopsy under general anesthesia. We utilised McGrath video laryngoscope to provide a successful larynx visualisation during an epiglottic tumour biopsy procedure, when a rigid diagnostic laryngoscope failed. McGrath appeared to provide an excellent view of the larynx, which enable the operator to perform the biopsy of the tumour. The operation proceeded without any complications. In case of shared airway procedure, such as epiglottis biopsy examination, video laryngoscopy appeared to be an effective method to expose the entrance to larynx and enable the surgical manipulation at the same time. In case of shared airway procedure, such as epiglottis biopsy examination, video laryngoscopy appeared to be an effective method to expose the entrance to larynx and enable the surgical manipulation at the same time.Cystinuria is the genetic condition for the increased excretion of cystine in the urine. Patients mainly suffer from afflictions related to the presence and passage of kidney stones. Glycyrrhizin The currently available treatment methods include conservative treatment based on increased fluid intake, appropriate diet, medications and urological procedures. The causal treatment has not yet been invented. A patient case was described whose first symptomatic kidney stones appeared after the second year of life. Urinary cystine excretion was significantly increased - 25,431 μmol/1g creatinine (norm 167-333 μmol/1g creatinine), which was also shown, but lower, in both parents of the patient. Despite the early initiation of therapy including low sodium diet, abundant hydration, alkalization, captopril and compliance with stringent restrictions, the level of urinary cystine excretion was still not within the normal range. There have been many modifications to the therapy and dose increases of drugs, but without visible results.lure. Despite many years of research and modern drugs, cystinuria