Egeberg Cunningham (suedeoutput70)

Precise flow measurement in the open channel is a key prerequisite to implementation of modern agricultural efficient water use. GS9674 The channel with an arc-bottomed shape is the most common channel type in irrigation area at present. The paper has verified the log-law is along the normal line rather than along the vertical line in arc-bottom channel. By conducting the velocity distribution log-law, this paper derives the expression of the multiple characteristic sensing points location of the flow-velocity sensor in the channel section, which is along the normal line. Based on this, a new algorithm to estimate the discharge of the arc-bottomed channel flow is proposed. We have also developed the experiment of the arc-bottomed channels (including semicircular channels, arc-bottom trapezoidal channels and U-shaped channels) and utilize the data to verify the method. The results indicate that the sensing locations expression of the flow velocity measuring sensor such as acoustic doppler velocimetry and propeller is suitable for improving discharge estimation's accuracy of the arc-bottomed channels. This method could be extensively used in estimating discharge of irrigation and drainage channels in agricultural water conservancy projects. It will enhance the efficiency and accuracy of water resources management departments in irrigation areas, which also meet the strategic requirements of agricultural sustainable development.Pollinating butterflies are an important asset to agriculture, which still depends on wild resources. Yunnan Province in Southwest China is a region with typical montane agriculture, but this resource is poorly investigated. From literature reference and specimen examination, the present study identified 554 species of pollinating butterflies (50.8% of the total butterflies) from Yunnan, with family Nymphalidae possessing the least number of pollinators (80 species, 16.0%), while the remaining four families are pollinator-rich (>73%). Tropical lowlands and mountain-valley areas possess higher species richness than those with plain terrains. The species richness of pollinating butterflies in Yunnan does not simply decline with the increase of latitude, nor is significantly different between West and East Yunnan. Zonation of pollinating butterflies using the parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) identified nine distribution zones and ten subzones. Most areas of endemism (AOE) are found in lowlands or mountain-valley areas, complexity of terrains, climates, and vegetation types are believed to be the main causes of such endemicity. The potential pollinating service of these butterflies could be great to montane agriculture with expanding areas of cash crops and fruit horticulture. Conservation strategies for pollinating butterflies may consist of preserving habitats and establishing butterfly-friendly agriculture based on local traditions.Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown tremendous promise for imaging tumor vasculature and its function at deeper penetration depths without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Traditional PA imaging systems employ expensive and bulky class IV lasers with low pulse repetition rate, due to which its availability for preclinical cancer research is hampered. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-based PA and ultrasound (US) imaging system for monitoring heterogeneous microvasculature in tumors (up to 10 mm in depth) and quantitatively compared the PA images with gold standard histology images. We used a combination of a 7 MHz linear array US transducer and 850 nm excitation wavelength LED arrays to image blood vessels in a subcutaneous tumor model. After imaging, the tumors were sectioned and stained for endothelial cells to correlate with PA images across similar cross-sections. Analysis of 30 regions of interest in tumors from different mice showed a statistically significant R-value of 0.84 where the areas with high blood vessel