Blaabjerg Hicks (strawcut7)

Worldwide, numerous surveys have investigated practices and knowledge about caries management in adults, but few are available for children. The present cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the restorative thresholds (RTs) in primary and permanent molars in children used by a population of dentists treating children and practicing in France. The study population consisted of French dentists treating children (Fr-DTCs) who were registered in the French Society of Pediatric Dentistry (n=250). A specific questionnaire was developed. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Response rate was 80.4% (n=201). Considering that an appropriate RT is at the stage of a moderate lesion (occlusal International Caries Detection and Assessment System 4; approximal lesion involving the external third of dentine), more than 50% of respondents showed a tendency for iatrogenic treatment, except for occlusal carious lesions in primary molars. Inappropriate invasive strategies were more often reported for occlusal lesions in permanent than primary molars. Moreover, for both molar types, these inappropriate RTs were more often chosen for approximal than occlusal lesions. The present survey suggested that Fr-DTCs tend to overtreat in terms of caries management in both primary and permanent molars. The present survey suggested that Fr-DTCs tend to overtreat in terms of caries management in both primary and permanent molars. Spatial distortions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are mainly caused by inhomogeneities of the static magnetic field, nonlinearities in the applied gradients, and tissue-specific magnetic susceptibility variations. These factors may significantly alter the geometrical accuracy of the reconstructed MR image, thus questioning the reliability of MRI for guidance in image-guided radiation therapy. AZD1080 molecular weight In this work, we quantified MRI spatial distortions and created a quantitative model where different sources of distortions can be separated. The generated model was then integrated into a four-dimensional (4D) computational phantom for simulation studies in MRI-guided radiation therapy at extra-cranial sites. A geometrical spatial distortion phantom was designed in four modules embedding laser-cut PMMA grids, providing 3520 landmarks in a field of view of (345×260×480)mm . The construction accuracy of the phantom was verified experimentally. Two fast MRI sequences for extra-cranial imaging at 1.5T were inves of distortion can be quantified in time-dependent geometries. The computational phantom represents a valuable platform to study motion management strategies in extra-cranial MRI-guided radiotherapy, where the effects of spatial distortions can be modeled on synthetic images in a virtual environment. Although deficits in the interpretation of affective facial expressions have been described clinically and in behavioral studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neural networks that mediate affective appraisal have not previously been examined. We administered a nonverbal event-related fMRI affective appraisal paradigm to 64 children (mean age=12.5years; 18 with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS), 18 nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE), and 28 controls). Happy, sad, angry, fearful, and neutral faces and pixelated control images were presented sequentially in a randomized order. The child indicated whether the currently displayed face showed the same or different affect as the previous one. Data from whole-brain analyses showed that all groups activated the appropriate face processing neural networks. Region of interest analyses indicated that, compared to HE and control children, the FAS/PFAS group exhibited greater blood oxygenation dynamic social contexts. These findings of greater BOLD signal in the FAS/PFAS group