Howard Fuglsang (stewbrazil39)

Future work is needed to confirm the significance of these priority areas, including the use of evidence synthesis approaches to ascertain the extent to which these priorities have already been investigated and where gaps in understanding remain.Respiration experiments with high-yielding dairy cows in Northern Ireland have shown higher energy maintenance requirements than those used in the requirements standards of, e.g. France, UK, USA and Germany. Therefore, the current net energy for lactation (NEL) system of Germany was tested by comparing measured NEL intake with calculated NEL requirements based on a comprehensive dataset from feeding trials conducted at nine research institutions in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The relationship between NEL requirements and NEL intake is described by the equation N E L r e q u i r e m e n t s M J / d = 26 . 6 ± 0 . 4 + 0 . compound library chemical 82 ± 0 . 004 ⋅ N E L i n t a k e M J / d w i t h C o e f f i c i e n t o f D e t e r m i n a t i o n R 2 = 0 . 677 , R o o t M e a n S q u a r e E r r o r R M S E = 15 . 9 M J N E L . The equation indicates a systematic over-estimation of NEL requirements in the lower performance range and an under-estimation at higher energy intake levels. A multiple regression analysis was conducted byralian energy system ( MEI ) [ MJ ] =0 . 640 + 0 . 0070 ⋅ ECM) ] ⋅ MBS+1 . 12) ⋅ LE + 16 . 7 ⋅ BWC with R 2 = 0. 719 , RMSE=24 . 0 MJ . These results demonstrate that maintenance energy requirements are partly dependent on milk yield. A differentiated analysis by stage of lactation showed that the regressions coefficients for MBS, LE and BWC change with lactation month; however, these findings apply especially to the first lactation months (i.e. in phases of intensive mobilisation).This research aimed to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME) and palatability of the diet, as well as products of intestinal fermentation and faecal microbiota of dogs fed with dried apple. For this purpose, three experiments were performed. In Experiment I, digestibility and ME of four diets containing 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% dried apple were evaluated, in addition to the faecal characteristics of the dogs. The diets were offered to eight adult dogs, distributed in double Latin square (4 × 4), totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In Experiment II, products of intestinal fermentation and faecal microbiota from 16 adult dogs fed diets containing 0% and 9% dried apple for 30 d (n = 8) were evaluated. Finally, Experiment III compared the dietary preference of 0 vs. 9% dried apple using 15 adult dogs. The inclusion of dried apple in the diet (p less then 0.05) showed a linear reduction in the ATTD of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and acid hydrolysed ether extract (EEA), and a linear increase in the ATTD of total dietary fibre (TDF). Consumption of 9% of dried apple increased faecal butyrate and reduced propionate and ammonia (p less then 0.05). With this diet, there was also an increase (p less then 0.05) in the faecal concentration of Faecalibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Blautia, and Bacteroides. No differences were found in the palatability of the diets. The inclusion of up to 9% of dried apple in the diet reduces the digestibility of nutrients and does not influence the dogs' food preference; however, it improves some indicators of dogs' intestinal functionality.The objective of this study was to examine food selection factors and influence on household food selection by newcomer immigrant and refugee adolescents. Participants (n = 68) reported healthfulness (70.1%) and taste (44.2%) as their primary influencing factors. Adolescents' Refugee camp experience, BMI, sex, and ethnicity were associated with reported influences on food selection. Most (85.3%) had tried new foods, reported influence on household food selection (81%) and new food consumption was associated with adolescents' influence on the over