Robb Osborne (stepleaf48)

Objectives To assess and compare the oral health status of children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in China. Methods This study recruited 144 children with ASD and 228 unrelated children with typical development (TD) aged 3-16 years from China. Data were collected using parent-reported questionnaires. Oral problems (oral symptoms and habits), oral health measures (oral hygiene practice and dental care experience), and the impact on the child's quality of life (based on a modified version of the Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire) were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results Children with ASD had worse oral health status than children with TD. Oral symptoms were more prevalent in the ASD group, especially halitosis (p less then 0.001), food impaction (p less then 0.001), and oral lesions (p less then 0.001), than the TD group. The rate of damaging oral habits, including mouth breathing (p less then 0.001) and object biting (p less then 0.05), was also high in the ASD group. Compared with the TD group, more children with ASD did not brush their teeth independently and frequently (p less then 0.001), had difficulty accessing dental care (p less then 0.01), and reported unpleasant dental experiences (p less then 0.001). The presence of ASD was associated with decreased oral health-related quality of life (p less then 0.001) in these children and their families. Lithocholic acid chemical structure Conclusion Oral problems such as halitosis and bad oral habits are more prevalent among children with ASD. These children also lack oral hygiene practice and dental visits. This situation negatively impacts their quality of life, and must be brought to the attention of their treating dentists.Background Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is an important pillar in the treatment of individuals using opioids and its continuation during imprisonment is recommended. Despite this knowledge access to and continuation of OAT is still limited in many countries. The forced discontinuation during pre-trial detention can cause severe withdrawal symptoms, which in turn may significantly impair the defendant's ability to exercise granted procedural participation rights. Furthermore, it can be argued that forced discontinuation of a desired treatment represents a form of a compulsory intervention. Aims The present study was developed against the backdrop of a recent ruling by the European Court of Human Rights (Wenner vs. Germany). It intended to examine how defense lawyers dealing with detained persons using opioids view and assess the accessibility of OAT in pre-trial detention as well as during imprisonment in different parts of Switzerland. Methods Using a qualitative approach, we interviewed 11 defense lawyers a forced reduction of medication. Some of the interventions reported are not in line with the principle of equivalence and strongly contrast the recommendations of the Council of Europe.Obstetric complications (OCs) can induce major adverse conditions for early brain development and predispose to mental disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously hypothesized that SCZ candidate genes respond to ischemia-hypoxia as part of OCs which impacts neurodevelopment. We here tested for an overlap between SCZ genes from genome-wide association study (GWAS) (n=458 genes from 145 loci of the most recent GWAS dataset in SCZ) and gene sets for ischemia-hypoxia response. Subsets of SCZ genes were related to (a) mutation-intolerant genes (LoF database), (b) role in monogenic disorders of the nervous system (OMIM, manual annotations), and (c) synaptic function (SynGO). Ischemia-hypoxia response genes of the brain (IHR genes, n=1,629), a gene set from RNAseq in focal brain ischemia (BH, n=2,449) and genes from HypoxiaDB (HDB, n=2,289) were overlapped with the subset of SCZ genes and tested for enrichment with Chi-square tests (p less then 0.017). The SCZ GWAS dataset was enriched for LoF (n=112; related to is