Stiles Keene (sproutepoch4)

s. The E.N.T. malignancies in children are rare and constitutes 20% of all paediatric malignancies. Carcinoma was found more common (68%) than the sarcoma (32%). The nasopharynx and laryngopharynx were found to be the most common sites. They usually present with features that are common in benign illnesses thereby masking the serious nature of the disease. However, the awareness about these tumours and complete examination and early imaging studies and biopsy in suspected children can secure early diagnosis. Radiation therapy is commonly used either alone or with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy can also be given either before or after surgical excision. The pathological nature of the tumour and the time taken to start definite treatment determines the prognosis.The present study was conducted with an intent to document the reduced morbidity in terms of postoperative hypocalcemia, injury to recurrent laryngeal and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve, in patients undergoing microscope assisted thyroidectomy. The present study enrolled a total of 878 patrients who underwent hemi, total and completion thyroidectomies, over a period of 3 years at Jain ENT Hospital, Jaipur. In the present study, out of 1118 RL nerves dissected temporary paresis was found in 1.52% and permanent palsy in only 0.36%. Temporary hypocalcemia was seen in 8.12% while permanent hypocalcemia in 0.6% patients. EBSLN could be identified in 1082 of the 1118 nerves dissected. We recommend the use microscope routinely for all thyroid surgeries, starting from the very first step in view of the reduced morbidity that it offers.Bilateral hearing loss is attributed to almost 50% of times with genetic etiology, while most unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) are not attributable to it. Limited literature is available on epidemiology of USNHL. Etiology of USNHL is very diverse and vast, it ranges from as common as Meniere's disease to as rare as an electric shock injury. A prospective study was carried out to find rare causes of USNHL in adults. In this manuscript, we present a case series of 7 rare etiologies of USNHL in adults like auditory neuropathy, chemoradiotherapy, dialysis-induced SNHL, common cavity inner ear malformation, multiple sclerosis, acute otitis media-induced SNHL and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. This study discusses the rare possible etiologies of USNHL that can be easily missed if these are not ruled out properly. We present these cases to consider these heterogeneous and distinct causes of USNHL because of rarity of these etiologies. If such an etiology is diagnosed in time, they may be managed effectively. To find a better screening test by correlating between history and video-laryngoscopy in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. To compare the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Patients with the signs and symptoms of LPRD were scored based on RSI. Those with RSI above 13 were included in study and evaluated further by videolaryngoscopy examination and rated according to RFS. The correlation between RSI and RFS was analysed. Out of the 107 patients included in study 55% were females. Among these patients positive RFS score (i.e. > 7) was seen in 58.3%. The average RSI was 18.22, and average RFS was 7.45. According to RSI the most common symptom was heartburn/indigestion (44.5%) and from RFS the most common finding was posterior commissure hypertrophy (95%). Correlation between RSI and total RFS was found to be 0.184 with a value of 0.159 which was not significant. LPRD is more common in females and in the middle age group. A correlation of RSI and RFS was not found to be significant suggesting that both should be used for diagnosis of LPRD instead of relying on only one. RFS and RSI are easy, quick and out patient based screening tools and when used together can be more reliable for LPRD diagnosis. LPRD is more common in females