Le McIntosh (slaveswan35)

64-0.94).CC and VDP <br> of 2D and 3D <br> PREFULwere significantlydifferent (P &lt; .0113).Comparing3D <br> and 3D PREFUL,all parameters were found to be statistically different (P &lt; .0045). <br> <br> 3D PREFUL MRI depicts the whole lung volume and breathing cycle with superior image resolutionand with likely more precisioncompared to 2D PREFUL.Furthermore,3DPREFUL is more sensitive to detect regions of hypoventilation andventilation heterogeneitycompared to 3D <br> PREFUL, which is important for earlydetectionand improved monitoring of patients with chronic lung disease. <br>3D PREFUL MRI depicts the whole lung volume and breathing cycle with superior image resolution and with likely more precision compared to 2D PREFUL. Furthermore, 3D PREFUL is more sensitive to detect regions of hypoventilation and ventilation heterogeneity compared to 3Dlowres PREFUL, which is important for early detection and improved monitoring of patients with chronic lung disease. <br> As the sustainability of the agricultural workforce has been threatened by the high prevalence of back pain, developing effective interventions to reduce its burden within farming will contribute to the long-term health and productivity of workers. Passive back-support exoskeletons are being explored as an intervention to reduce the physical demands on the back muscles, and consequently mitigate the risk of back pain, in many industrial sectors. <br> <br> This study investigated whether exoskeleton use could reduce farmers' low back muscle load. Electromyography was used to evaluate exoskeleton use in field and laboratory settings. A total of 14 farmers (13 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 49 (SD = 12) years and 6 female nonfarmers (mean age 28, SD = 5 years) performed a standardized set of tasks that included symmetric and asymmetric lifting and sustained trunk flexion. Following the standardized tasks, 14 farmers also performed regular, real-world, farm tasks with and without use of the exoskeleton at their farms. <br> <br> Exoskeleton use decreased back muscular load during farming activities up to 65%, 56%, and 48% in static, median, and peak muscle activity, respectively. This indicates potential benefits of exoskeleton use to help farmers work under less muscular load. Paradoxically, exoskeleton use during standardized tasks increased muscle activity for some participants. <br> <br> This study demonstrates the potential effects of using passive exoskeletons in agriculture through observational and experimental research, and is among the first that explores the potential for using exoskeletons during actual work tasks in farm settings. <br>This study demonstrates the potential effects of using passive exoskeletons in agriculture through observational and experimental research, and is among the first that explores the potential for using exoskeletons during actual work tasks in farm settings. <br> To measure the transverse relaxation time ( <br> <br> <br> <br> T <br> <br> <br> 2 <br> <br> <br> ∗ <br> <br> <br> ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of <br> F-C <br> F <br> gas in vivo in human lungs at 1.5T and 3T, and to determine the representative distribution of values of these parameters in a cohort of healthy volunteers. <br> <br> Mapping of ADC at lung inflation levels of functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) was performed with inhaled <br> F-C <br> F <br> (eight subjects) and <br> Xe (six subjects) at 1.5T. <br> <br> <br> <br> T <br> <br> <br> 2 <br> <br> <br> ∗ <br> <br> <br> mapping with <br> F-C <br> F <br> was performed at 1.5T (at FRC and TLC) for 8 subjects and at 3T (at TLC for seven subjects). <br> <br> At both FRC and TLC, the <br> F-C <br> F <br> ADC was smaller than the free diffusion coefficient demonstrating airway microstructural diffusion restriction. From FRC to TLC, the mean ADC significantly increased from 1.56 mm <