Hoffmann Ipsen (singlegiant51)

Increasing eutrophication of coastal waters generates disturbances in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations and emissions to the atmosphere that are still poorly documented, particularly in the tropics. Here, we investigated the concentrations and diffusive fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in the urban-dominated Jacarepagua Lagoon Complex (JLC) in Southeastern Brazil. This lagoonal complex receives highly polluted freshwater and shows frequent occurrences of anoxia and hypoxia and dense phytoplankton blooms. Between 2017 and 2018, four spatial surveys were performed (dry and wet conditions), with sampling in the river waters that drain the urban watershed and in the lagoon waters with increasing salinities. OSI-906 in vivo Strong oxygen depletion was found in the rivers, associated with extremely high values of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2; up to 20,417 ppmv) and CH4 concentrations (up to 288,572 nmol L-1). These high GHG concentrations are attributed to organic matter degradation from untreated domestic effluts of GHG emissions to the atmosphere, which may become increasingly significant in future global carbon budgets.The first Italian annual monitoring study was carried out in Northern Italy to analyse the fate and removal of polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with conventional activated sludge (CAS) system. Water was sampled in four different stations along wastewater treatments to better understand the behaviour of PMFs along different steps of the plant. Galaxolide (HHCB) and galaxolidone (HHCB-lactone) were found in concentrations at μg L-1 level, 1 order of magnitude greater than tonalide (AHTN), whilst phantolide (AHDI) was never detected and celestolide (ADBI) was measured only at trace levels. Considering water concentrations, HHCB and AHTN evidenced a slight reduction, 20% and 50%, respectively, during wastewater treatments, thus resulting in a modest removal efficiency, mainly due to adsorption processes during the biological treatment. This was also confirmed by the high PMF concentrations measured in activated sludges which remained stable throughout the year. On the contrary, HHCB-lactone registered an increase up to 70% during wastewater treatments caused by the biotransformation of the parental compound HHCB during the biological treatment, as shown by the different HHCB-lactone/HHCB ratio measured before and after this step. No significant differences were recorded between seasons in terms of PMF input onto WWTP, in accordance with the common use of these chemicals in civil houses. Overall, this study suggests that current technologies employed in conventional WWTP are not enough efficient in removing these organic micropollutants from wastewaters and, therefore, WWTP effluents represent possible point sources of pollution for aquatic ecosystems. Additional treatments are necessary to enhance the removal of PMFs in order to increase the quality of the WWTP effluents.Dust emission is one of the critical problems of the mining industry. Dust emission can cause respiratory diseases among workers and adjacent residents of the factory and environmental pollution in the region. This study aims to reduce dust emissions of an iron ore concentrate plant in Iran. Applying dust control methods can affect the production process. Therefore, in this study, the value engineering (VE) method has been used, which focuses on improving the processes without affecting the main functions. This method is implemented in three stages. In the pre-study stage of VE, the prerequisites of study, such as determining the management requirements, study scope, evaluation criteria, forming the VE team, and planning, were met. In the study stage, the required information was collected; the studied process functions were identified and ranked; 62 ideas were created based on the functions and then evaluated; the final scenarios for the selected device, hopper, were developed and ranked u