Thurston Lynggaard (shadetarget45)

Concentrations of fatty acids, BHB, and PUN were consistently lower in primiparous goats compared with those in second or greater parity. Postpartum, HY goats had higher ratios of glucose, fatty acids, and BHB to insulin than did LY goats, which might explain the greater mobilization of body tissues and enhanced milk production observed in this group. Collectively, our results indicate that increased milk yield has the most significant influence on the magnitude of body tissue mobilization. Our results also show that goats of higher parity display higher levels of lipid mobilization, and that both pregnancy and lactation are less able to elicit lipomobilization in primiparous compared with multiparous goats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercially available fermentation by-product in a diet containing adequate rumen-degradable protein (RDP) on milk performance, intake, and total-tract nutrient digestion in lactating dairy cattle. Primiparous (n = 48) and multiparous (n = 144) lactating dairy cattle were stratified by milk production and randomly allocated into 12 pens containing 4 primiparous and 12 multiparous animals each. Cattle averaged 118 d in milk and 712 kg of body weight at trial start. Treatment diets, on a dry matter (DM) basis, consisted of 42% corn silage, 13% alfalfa hay and silage, 20% grain corn, and 25% protein premix containing either soybean meal, wheat middlings, and urea (SBM+U), soybean meal and fermentation by-product (SBM+F), or soybean meal and rumen-protected soybean meal (RP-SBM). All 3 diets provided a similar level (DM basis) of neutral detergent fiber analyzed using α-amylase and sodium sulfite and corrected for ash content (31%), crude protein (CP, intake. Responses are consistent with previous research in our laboratory that demonstrated a decrease in ruminal CP degradation, leading to an increase in metabolizable protein supply in the small intestine. The fermentation by-product might be useful in diets containing adequate amounts of RDP from soybean meal or alfalfa. The results from this experiment demonstrate beneficial milk performance responses to fermentation by-product when fed with a source of RDP. The use of orchids in herbal medicine has a very long history. Dendrobium species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenanthrens, bibenzyls, fluorenones and sesquiterpenes, and alkaloids and are responsible for their wide variety of medicinal properties. For decades, bibenzyls, which are the main bioactive components derived from Dendrobium species, have been subjected to extensive investigation as likely candidates for cancer treatment. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative from the orchid Dendrobium loddigesii on human melanoma cells. In A375 cells compound moscatilin showed a clear dose-response relationship in the range of 6.25-50 μM concentrations. In addition, we demonstrated an apoptotic response after treatment of cancer cells with this bibenzyl compound at 6.25 and 12.5 μM concentrations that probably involves PTEN activity, inhibition of Hsp70 expression and reactive oxygen species production. Alternatively, the inhibition of the caspase cascade at higher concentrations, 25 and 50 μM, correlated with additional reactive oxygen species increase, probably switched the mode of moscatilin-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. INTRODUCTION Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease and it is estimated that 300,000 infants are born annually with it. Most treatments available are only palliative, whereas the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers the only potential cure for SCD. OBJECTIVE Generation of human autologous cells, when coupled with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, is a promising approach for developing study models. In this study, we provide a simple and efficient model for generating hem