Rohde Ritchie (screenneck46)

D). In addition, drug release studies are also significantly influenced by cac, providing more prolonged release for AMT and PMZ (lower cac), whose delivery profiles adjust to the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. As a novelty of this work, a synergic contribution of drug self-association tendency and aromatic-aromatic interaction between the drug and polymers is highlighted, a fact that could be crucial for the rational design and development of efficient drug delivery systems.Imaging is increasingly more utilized as analytical technology in biopharmaceutical formulation research, with applications ranging from subvisible particle characterization to thermal stability screening and residual moisture analysis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of analytical imaging for scientists active in biopharmaceutical formulation research and development, where it presents the unique information provided by the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and infrared (IR) sections in the electromagnetic spectrum. The main body of this review consists of an outline of UV, Vis, and IR imaging techniques for several (bio)physical properties that are commonly determined during protein-based biopharmaceutical formulation characterization and development studies. The review concludes with a future perspective of applied imaging within the field of biopharmaceutical formulation research.Lyophilization of nanoparticle (NP) suspensions is a promising technology to improve stability, especially during long-term storage, and offers new routes of administration in solid state. Although considered as a gentle drying process, freeze-drying is also known to cause several stresses leading to physical instability, e.g. aggregation, fusion, or content leakage. NPs are heterogeneous regarding their physico-chemical properties which renders them different in their sensitivity to lyophilization stress and upon storage. But still basic concepts can be deducted. We summarize basic colloidal stabilization mechanisms of NPs in the liquid and the dried state. Furthermore, we give information about stresses occurring during the freezing and the drying step of lyophilization. Subsequently, we review the most commonly investigated NP types including lipophilic, polymeric, or vesicular NPs regarding their particle properties, stabilization mechanisms in the liquid state, and important freeze-drying process, formulation and storage strategies. Finally, practical advice is provided to facilitate purposeful formulation and process development to achieve NP lyophilizates with high colloidal stability. Cold Urticaria (ColdU) is a type of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU) where recurrent pruritic wheals and/or angioedema occur after exposure to cold stimulus. Although it usually only affects exposed areas, systemic reactions can occur in severe cases. In this study, we seek to characterize the ColdU cases within our Centre's population of patients. Retrospective study based on clinical files of patients diagnosed with ColdU followed in an urticaria outpatient clinic in Portugal prior to October 2020. We included 52 patients total (40 women) with median age of 35 years, 19 patients with symptom onset before 18 years-old. ColdU was classified as acquired in all patients. selleck inhibitor Cold provocation tests were negative in 9 patients and these were classified as atypical ColdU. No significant differences were found between those with pediatric or adult onset of disease. Most of the patients had a localized form of the disease (52%). Despite not being statistically significant, it was found that patient's temperature threshold, assessed with TempTest® 4.0, was higher and stimulation time was shorter in more severe groups. All patients were treated with non-sedating antihistamines (daily or on-demand), finding that those controlled with standard dosages had lower temperature thresholds than those needing higher dosages (p < 0.01). One patien