Guldager Martinussen (schoolhen57)

In conclusion, slope aspect had significant effect on vegetation attributes, which was significantly influenced by local climate (aridity) in terms of both strength and direction depending on the specific attributes investigated.A method for rapid and objective assessment of ocular lens density and transmittance is needed for research and clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether the Purkinje image-based technique can be used for objective and accurate quantification of spectral density and transmittance of ocular media (the mainly crystalline lens) in visible light. Twenty-six individuals (10 young, 9 middle-aged and 7 older individuals) participated in this study. Spectral lens density was evaluated by detecting the intensity of the IVth Purkinje image for different wavelengths. Subsequently, optical density index (ODI), the area under the curve in the lens density spectrum, was calculated and ODIs were compared with clinical lens opacification scales assessed subjectively using a slit lamp. Spectral lens transmittance was estimated from the lens density spectrum. Lens densities were higher in the short wavelength region of the visible spectrum across all age groups. ODI was highly correlated with the clinical opacification scale, while lens transmittance decreased with aging. Our results showed that spectral transmittance of the human crystalline lens can be easily estimated from optical density spectra evaluated objectively and rapidly using the Purkinje image-based technique. Our results provide clinicians and scientists with an accurate, rapid and objective technique for quantification of lens transmittance.Advanced manufacturing methods like multi-material additive manufacturing are enabling realization of multiscale materials with intricate spatially varying microstructures and thus, material properties. This blurs the boundary between material and structure, paving the way to lighter, stiffer, and stronger structures. Taking advantage of these tunable multiscale materials warrants development of novel design methods that effectively marry the concepts of material and structure. We propose such a design to manufacture workflow and demonstrate it with laminated continuous fiber-reinforced composites that possess variable stiffness enabled by spatially varying microstructure. This contrasts with traditional fiber-reinforced composites which typically have a fixed, homogenous microstructure and thus constant stiffness. see more The proposed workflow includes three steps (1) Design automation-efficient synthesis of an optimized multiscale design with microstructure homogenization enabling efficiency, (2) Material compilation-interpretation of the homogenized design lacking specificity in microstructural detail to a manufacturable structure, and (3) Digital manufacturing-automated manufacture of the compiled structure. We adapted multiscale topology optimization, a mesh parametrization-based algorithm and voxel-based multimaterial jetting for these three steps, respectively. We demonstrated that our workflow can be applied to arbitrary 2D or 3D surfaces. We validated the complete workflow with experiments on two simple planar structures; the results agree reasonably well with simulations.B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from accumulation of leukemic cells that are subject to iterative re-activation cycles and clonal expansion in lymphoid tissues. The effects of the well-tolerated alkaloid Berberine (BRB), used for treating metabolic disorders, were studied on ex-vivo leukemic cells activated in vitro by microenvironment stimuli. BRB decreased expression of survival/proliferation-associated molecules (e.g. Mcl-1/Bcl-xL) and inhibited stimulation-induced cell cycle entry, irrespective of TP53 alterations or chromosomal abnormalities. CLL cells rely on oxidative phosphorylation for their bioenergetics, particularly during the activation process. In this context, BRB triggered mitoch