McFarland Neville (rugbywolf5)

Global concerns regarding climate change and the energy crisis have stimulated, among other things, research on renewable and sustainable materials. In relation to that, hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomass has been shown to be a low-cost method for the production of hydrochars. Such hydrochars can be refined into materials that can be used in water purification, for CO2 capture, and in the energy sector. Here, we review the use of metal ions and particles to catalyze the formation of hydrochars and related hybrid materials. First, the effects of using silver, cobalt, tellurium, copper ions, and particles on the hydrothermal carbonization of simple sugars and biomass are discussed. Second, we discuss the structural effects of iron ions and particles on the hydrochars in conjunction with their catalytic effects on the carbonization. Among the catalysts, iron ions or oxides have low cost and allow magnetic features to be introduced in carbon-containing hybrid materials, which seems to be promising for commercial applications. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.The G be a connected graph with vertex set V ( G ) and edge set E ( G ) . A subset S ⊆ V ( G ) is called a dominating set of G if for every vertex x in V ( G ) ∖ S , there exists at least one vertex u in S such that x is adjacent to u. An ordered set W ⊆ V ( G ) is called a resolving set of G, if every pair of vertices u and v in V ( G ) have distinct representation with respect to W. An ordered set S ⊆ V ( G ) is called a dominant resolving set of G, if S is a resolving set and also a dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of dominant resolving set is called a dominant metric dimension of G, denoted by D d i m ( G ) . In this paper, we investigate the dominant metric dimension of some particular class of graphs, the characterisation of graph with certain dominant metric dimension, and the dominant metric dimension of joint and comb products of graphs. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Objectives The study aimed to assess the suitability of deformable image registration (DIR) software to generate synthetic CT (sCT) scans for dose verification during radiotherapy to the head and neck. Planning and synthetic CT dose volume histograms were compared to evaluate dosimetric changes during the treatment course. Methods Eligible patients had locally advanced (stage III, IVa and IVb) oropharyngeal cancer treated with primary radiotherapy. Weekly CBCT images were acquired post treatment at fractions 1, 6, 11, 16, 21 and 26 over a 30 fraction treatment course. Each CBCT was deformed with the planning CT to generate a sCT which was used to calculate the dose at that point in the treatment. A repeat planning CT2 was acquired at fraction 16 and deformed with the fraction 16 CBCT to compare differences between the calculations mid-treatment. Results 20 patients were evaluated generating 138 synthetic CT sets. The single fraction mean dose to PTV_HR between the synthetic and planning CT did not vary, although dose to 95% of PTV_HR was smaller at week 6 compared to planning (difference 2.0%, 95% CI (0.8 to 3.1), p = 0.0). Sulfopin supplier There was no statistically significant difference in PRV_brainstem or PRV_spinal cord maximum dose, although greater variation using the sCT calculations was reported. The mean dose to structures based on the fraction 16 sCT and CT2 scans were similar. Conclusions Synthetic CT provides comparable dose calculations to those of a repeat planning CT; however the limitations of DIR must be understood before it is applied within the clinical setting. © 2020 The Authors.Objectives To investigate the correlation between imbalance of muscle mass to body weight and lifestyle-related diseases using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) among Japanese population. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from May 2015 to November 2017. Their muscle-to-weight ratio were s