Carlson Silverman (rotateblade5)

e, examples of diagnostic search and dynamics of the clinical picture with the timely appointment of a gluten-free diet are given.The discovery of lactulose as a bifidogenic factor became the background for the appearance of the prebiotics concept. Currently, lactulose is the most studied in terms of medical use oligosaccharide with a high prebiotic index. The exact mechanisms of action of lactulose remain largely unknown despite a number of new researches based on modern methods of molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics. The aim of this review to summarize and analyze the actual information about biological activity, probable mechanisms of action, and possible uses of lactulose in human nutrition. Results. The structure of lactulose, methods for its determination and preparation are briefly described. Promising methods for producing lactulose include enzymatic synthesis from lactose using β-galactosidase or epimerase. Information on the physiological effects of lactulose and the mechanisms of its action on the human organism is presented. The works confirming the ability of lactulose to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria a combination with probiotics, other prebiotics, and as an encapsulating ingredient for vitamins and other functional nutrition ingredients are determined. In this regard, the study of lactulose interaction with the components of complex products is relevant.The episode of acute coronary syndrome is most often preceded by the development of systemic and local inflammation, which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. General clinical blood analysis, directly or indirectly reflecting systemic pathological processes in the patient's body based on quantitative and morphological assessment of blood composition, is one of the most affordable methods of laboratory diagnostics in modern public health. Taking into account the growing number of digital data obtained by diagnosticians from analytical systems, there is a growing potential for the use of machine learning methods to increase the effectiveness of provided diagnostic information in the interests of the patient. The aim of this study was to create an algorithm for stratifying the risk of myocardial infarction based on the methods of machine learning in patients with acute coronary syndrome at primary examination. A prospective pilot study was conducted. In total 307 patients with acute coroble and promising for further accumulation of the database with the purpose of additional training of the developed algorithm and improvement of the disease prognosis accuracy characteristics.Currently, the impact of antibiotic resistance on human health is a worldwide problem and its study is of great interest from a molecular genetic, environmental and clinical view-point. This review summarizes the latest data about antibiotic resistance, the classification of microorganisms as sensitive and resistant to the action of antibiotics, reveals the concept of minimum inhibitory concentration from modern positions. The resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents can be intrinsic and acquired, as well as being one of the examples of evolution that are currently available for study. Modern methods of whole-genome sequencing and complex databases of nucleotide-tagged libraries give an idea of the multifaceted nature of the mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and are able to provide information on genes encoding metabolic enzymes and proteins that regulate the basic processes of the physiology of bacteria. The article describes the main ways of spreading the resistance of microorganisms, reflects the concepts of "founder effect" and the fitness cost of bacteria, which underlie the emergence and evolution of antibiotic resistance. It is shown that the origin of antibiotic resistance genes that human pathogens currently possess can be traced by studying the surrounding not only clinical, but also non-clinical (ecological) h