Warming Yildiz (ravenapril1)

05). The findings of the present study revealed that compared to usual care alone, the combination of usual care and CTM or abdominal massage may be more beneficial for chronic constipation. However, the superiority of CTM or abdominal massage was not observed. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are needed to investigate the optimal massage therapy program in patients with chronic constipation. The findings of the present study revealed that compared to usual care alone, the combination of usual care and CTM or abdominal massage may be more beneficial for chronic constipation. However, the superiority of CTM or abdominal massage was not observed. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are needed to investigate the optimal massage therapy program in patients with chronic constipation. The purpose of this study was to quantify and report the intrarater and interrater reliability of hip internal rotation (IR) range of motion supine with the hip and knee at 90° of flexion and for the flexion-adduction-internal rotation (FADIR) test. Hip internal rotation measured in a lying supine position with the hip and knee at 90° of flexion revealed information on hip impairments. To date no simple quantification approach has been presented in this position; therefore, the FADIR test has not been quantified yet. Twenty participants (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 24.0 ± 2.1 years; 10 women and 10 men) without lower-limb or back pain were recruited. Three raters evaluated each participant during 2 testing sessions, 1 day apart. A built-in smartphone compass application was used to obtain the hip IR range of motion in both procedures. Mean (± SD) supine IR was 51.7° (± 9.7°) and 62.6° (± 11.4°) for men and women, respectively. Concerning the FADIR test, mean values were 41.8° (± 9.64°) and 50.1° (± 8.0°) for men and women, respectively. The mean intrarater and interrater reliability coefficients were 0.80 and 0.72 for hip IR and 0.75 and 0.40 for the FADIR test. The standard error of the mean ranged from 4.8° to 8.3° (minimal detectable difference [MDD], 13.3° to 22.9°) for hip IR and from 4.6° to 10.3° (MDD, 12.8° to 28.6°) for the FADIR test. Overall, the smartphone compass application is adequate to quantify hip IR in a lying supine position. However, the poor to moderate interrater reliability in the FADIR test and the size of the MDD values suggest that the FADIR test should be standardized. Overall, the smartphone compass application is adequate to quantify hip IR in a lying supine position. However, the poor to moderate interrater reliability in the FADIR test and the size of the MDD values suggest that the FADIR test should be standardized. The aim of this study was first to translate and culturally adapt the BQN, and then to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BQN in Turkish individuals with chronic neck pain. The English version of the BQN was translated into Turkish with permission from its authors. That translation was assessed using 85 participants with a mean age of 46.75 years who had chronic neck pain. At the same time, the participants were assessed sociodemographically and with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD). selleck A test-retest procedure was performed with 62 participants who underwent a second assessment with the BQN within 24 hours of the first assessment, to test its reliability. Internal consistency was strong and all Cronbach alpha values were between 0.97 and 0.99. The BQN showed high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ˃ 0.92) for all domains. The total mean (± standard deviation) scores for the 3 questionnaires were as follows BQN, 30.9 (± 11.18); NPAD, 48.16 (± 12.93); NDI, 17.85 (± 6.29). The results of the Turkish version of the BQN illustrated adequate external construct va