Demant Lucas (rabbibank7)

With the increasing use of electronic devices and social media, the duration of sleep has consistently reduced in adolescents. Sleep restriction eventually leads to cognitive performance declines. Poor sleep and working memory difficulties are both associated with learning difficulties leading to poor academic performance. We postulated that decreased sleep duration decreases the working memory of adolescents and eventually their academic performance. Cross-sectional Study. The study was conducted on 114 school students; 62 boys and 52 girls (age 13.8 ± 0.91 and 13.65 ± 0.88 years, respectively). Sleep was monitored by self-reported diary. Working memory was tested by the n-back task. The students were given 1-back and 2-back visual tasks in two blocks and accuracy of each of the tests was calculated. Prism software was used and Mann-Whitney-U test and Spearman Correlation tests were employed. Sleep duration range was 4.15-12 hours with a mean of 7.63 ± 1.35 hours. The sleep duration in males and females, respectively was 6.94 ± 0.94 hrs. and 8.5 ± 1.31 hrs.; significant ( = 0.0001). The total n-back score accuracy (1-back and 2-back) was 52.11 ± 17.32% in males and 52.24 ± 17.40% in females ( = 0.976). Spearman Correlation between sleep-duration and total n-back score was not found to be statistically significant ( = 0.611). However, the correlation of total n-back score with academic performance was statistically significant. The working memory was not statistically different in males and females, and was not significantly correlated with sleep duration, though it was significantly associated with the academic performance. The working memory was not statistically different in males and females, and was not significantly correlated with sleep duration, though it was significantly associated with the academic performance. Obesity is a global health problem. It is becoming increasingly prevalent in Saudi Arabia. High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for many diseases, including cancer. Noticeably, breast cancer (BC) cases in Saudi Arabia occur at a younger age than in western countries. Different lifestyle behaviors such as maintaining healthy body weight and physical activity may play a role in this. In this study, we investigated the association between BMI and BC adverse clinicopathological features. This retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the records of women with non-metastatic BC over 4 years. The association between BMI and patients' demographics, BC histological type, receptor status, differentiation grade, tumor size, involvement of axillary lymph nodes, and performed procedures were analyzed. 315 patients with non-metastatic BC were studied. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.43 years ± 11.63. The mean BMI was 30.21 ± 5.77. The mean tumor size was 3.19 cm ± 3.52. The mean age of diagnosis is significantly higher in obese women than in other BMI groups ( = 0.025). Obese female patients aged ≥40 were more likely to present with larger tumor ( = 0.022) and numerically higher pathological axillary lymph nodes, trending toward statistical significance ( = 0.092). The relationship between BMI and developing more aggressive BC is still not clear; in this study, we found that obese patients presented at an older age, with larger tumor and more pathologic lymph nodes. Further research to understand the impact of this finding on outcomes is warranted. The relationship between BMI and developing more aggressive BC is still not clear; in this study, we found that obese patients presented at an older age, with larger tumor and more pathologic lymph nodes. Further research to understand the impact of this finding on outcomes is warranted. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was frequently managed by residents as they are the first physi