Broch Fisher (quiltgrease3)

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common cause of dementia, but atrophy is mild compared to Alzheimer's disease. We propose that DLB is associated instead with severe synaptic loss, and we test this hypothesis in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of C-UCB-J, a ligand for presynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a vesicle membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in synapses. We performed C-UCB-J PET in two DLB patients (an amyloid-negative male and an amyloid-positive female in their 70s) and 10 similarly aged healthy controls. The DLB subjects also underwent PET imaging of amyloid ( C-PiB) and tau ( F-AV-1451). C-UCB-J binding was quantified using non-displaceable binding potential (BP ) determined from dynamic imaging. Changes in C-UCB-J binding were correlated with MRI regional brain volume, C-PiB uptake and F-AV-1451 binding. Compared to controls, both patients had decreased C-UCB-J binding, especially in parietal and occipital regions (FDR-corrected < 0.05). There were no significant correlations across regions between C-UCB-J binding and grey matter, tau ( F-AV1451) or amyloid ( C-PiB) in either patient. Quantitative imaging of in vivo synaptic density in DLB is a promising approach to understanding the mechanisms of DLB, over and above changes in grey matter volume and concurrent amyloid/tau deposition. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41824-020-00093-9. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41824-020-00093-9.MRI is a popular noninvasive method for the assessment of liver fat content. After MRI scan acquisition, there is currently no standardized image analysis procedure for the most accurate estimate of liver fat content. We determined intraindividual reliability of MRI-based liver fat measurement using 10 different MRI slice analysis methods in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals who underwent 2 same-day abdominal MRI scans. We also compared the agreement in liver fat content between analytical methods and assessed the variability in fat content across the entire liver. Our results indicate that liver fat content varies across the liver, with some slices averaging 54% lower and others 75% higher fat content than the mean of all slices (gold standard). Our data suggest that the entire liver should be contoured on at least every 10th slice to achieve close agreement with the gold standard. Orogastric tube feeding is frequently prescribed for neonates who cannot ingest food normally. In a piglet model of the neonate, greater skeletal muscle growth is sustained by upregulation of translation initiation signaling when nutrition is delivered by intermittent bolus meals, rather than continuously. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding frequency on organ growth and the mechanism by which feeding frequency modulates protein anabolism in these organs. Eighteen neonatal pigs were fed by gastrostomy tube the same amount of a sow milk replacer either by continuous infusion (CON) or on an intermittent bolus schedule (INT). After 21 d of feeding, the pigs were killed without interruption of feeding (CON; =6) or immediately before (INT-0; =6) or 60min after (INT-60; =6) a meal, and fractional protein synthesis rates and activation indexes of signaling pathways that regulate translation initiation were measured in the heart, jejunum, ileum, kidneys, and liverwth and that in the ileum and liver, intermittent feeding enhances protein synthesis by stimulating translation initiation. We previously reported that inorganic iodine therapy in lactating women with Graves disease (GD) did not affect the thyroid function in 25 of 26 infants despite their exposure to excess iodine via breast milk.