Clifford Wynn (quietpain89)

Because of the burden of migraine in Japan, there is a need for safe and effective preventive treatments. This study assessed the long-term safety and tolerability of galcanezumab in Japanese patients with episodic (EM) or chronic (CM) migraine. In this 12-month open-label study, adult patients with EM who previously completed a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were newly randomized to either galcanezumab dose from placebo or continued their assigned galcanezumab doses (all 120 mg, n =120; 240 mg, n =126). Newly enrolled patients with CM were randomized to 120-mg (n=32) or 240-mg (n=33) galcanezumab. The primary outcome was long-term safety and tolerability. The incidence of TEAEs was similar between treatment groups. Nasopharyngitis was the most common TEAE, followed by injection site reactions. The discontinuation rate was low (EM=9.3%; CM=15.4%) and no deaths were reported. Patients with EM who received galcanezumab in the placebo-controlled trial had sustained efficacy. Both doses reduced the number of migraine headache days in patients with CM. Long-term treatment with 120-mg or 240-mg galcanezumab was safe and effective in Japanese patients with EM or CM. https//clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02959190. https//clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02959190.The buccally flared maxillary 2nd molar has certain consequences on oral function and health. However, existing methods have some degree of disadvantages, such as invasion, complexity and side effects. The objectives of this study were to design anchorage systems to correct buccally flared maxillary 2nd molars and analyze their biomechanical effects by 3-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Finite element (FE) models of the 3D tanspalatal arches (TPAs) and 3D splints with different thicknesses and force points were constructed. The stress distribution on teeth, the hydrostatic pressure on periodontal ligaments and the initial displacement of teeth were analyzed. A total of 18 FE models were constructed and analyzed. The stress concentrated on a single anchorage tooth, and the hydrostatic pressure and initial displacement of the anchorage tooth were greater than those of the malposed 2nd molar in the 3D splint anchorage system. The stress spread on all anchorage teeth and the hydrostatic pressure and initial displacement of the anchorage tooth were less than those of the malposed 2nd molar in the 3D TPA anchorage system. Theoretically, the 3D TPA was better than the 3D splint as an anchorage to correct the buccally flared 2nd molar. A combination of 0.8 mm of thickness and mesial force point provided the optimal conditions for the 3D TPA. Further clinical studies should be conducted to verify the effects of 3D appliances. Recent shifts in healthcare delivery and treatment for solid tumour cancer patients have modified the responsibilities of informal caregivers. The objective of this study was to review informal caregiver burden factors and determine areas where future research is needed. The Arksey and O'Malley's framework and a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were used in conducting this review. Research literature was systematically searched using five-electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, and SCOPUS, and reference lists from included studies to identify publications since 2010. Inclusion criterion was caregivers providing home-based care to a cancer patient. The search yielded 43 eligible papers of 2119 reviewed, including articles from over 17 countries. Caregiver physical and psychological health, financial strain, and social isolation, as well as limited family and social support continued to be important factors contributing to high levels of caregiver burden. Less recognised factors affecting higher burden included caregivers' self-esteem, male gender, and the dynamic nature of cancer tr