Hejlesen Currin (quietminute24)

For subgroup 1 but not for subgroup 2, proteins of the complement system were significantly enriched. Conclusion AH proteome of POAG patients shows strong activation of the immune system. In addition, analysis suggests dysregulation of folate metabolism and dysregulation of selenium as underlying contributors. In view of their glaucoma surgery, POAG patients of subgroup 1 most likely are progressive whereas POAG patients in subgroup 2 most likely have stable POAG. The proteome difference between these subgroups suggests that the complement system plays a role in POAG progression.IL-33-activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells critically contribute to protease allergen-induced airway inflammation models. However, IL-33 is dispensable for a subcutaneous papain-induced skin inflammation model, suggesting distinct mechanisms between intranasal and subcutaneous sensitization. We herein examined the role of IL-17A in the subcutaneous model. Papain-exposed skin produced IL-17A and an excess amount of a soluble decoy receptor for IL-33, with the latter being a possible reason for the independence of the subcutaneous model from IL-33. An IL-17A deficiency attenuated papain-induced skin eosinophilia and serum papain-specific IgE/IgG1 levels, while the subcutaneous administration of IL-17A with enzymatically inactive papain enhanced serum papain-specific IgE/IgG1 levels and Th2 development in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) in an IL-33-independent manner, suggesting IL-33-independent enhancement of papain-specific type 2 responses by IL-17A. Subcutaneous papain increased IL-17A+ γδ T cells in DLNs, approximately half of which were Vγ4+, as the majority of IL-17A+ cells, and increased Vγ5+ and Vγ4+ γδ T cells in skin. Depletion of γδ TCR+ cells reduced Th cytokine production in antigen-restimulated DLN cells. These results suggest a novel role for IL-17A as an enhancer of skin eosinophilia and serum antigen-specific IgE production, and for γδ T cells as an enhancer of Th cell activation in the subcutaneous papain model.The female predominance in the prevalence of depression is partially accounted by reactivity to hormonal fluctuations. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a reproductive subtype of depression characterized by cyclic emotional and somatic symptoms that recur before menstruation. Despite the growing understanding that most psychiatric disorders arise from dysfunctions in distributed brain circuits, the brain's functional connectome and its network properties of segregation and integration were not investigated in PMDD. To this end, we examined the brain's functional network organization in PMDD using graph theoretical analysis. 24 drug naïve women with PMDD and 27 controls without premenstrual symptoms underwent 2 resting-state fMRI scans, during the mid-follicular and late-luteal menstrual cycle phases. Functional connectivity MRI, graph theory metrics, and levels of sex hormones were computed during each menstrual phase. Altered network topology was found in PMDD across symptomatic and remitted stages in major graph metrics (characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, transitivity, local and global efficiency, centrality), indicating decreased functional network segregation and increased functional network integration. In addition, PMDD patients exhibited hypoconnectivity of the anterior temporal lobe and hyperconnectivity of the basal ganglia and thalamus, across menstrual phases. Furthermore, the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and PMDD was mediated by specific patterns of functional connectivity, including connections of the striatum, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. The shifts in the functional connectome and its topology in PMDD may suggest trait vulnerability markers of the disorder.Substance use disorders (SUDs) are frequently accompanied by affective symptoms that promote negative reinforcement mechanisms contributing to SUD maintenance or progression. Despite their widespread use a