Vilstrup Ditlevsen (punchbudget4)

Increasing literature has emerged investigating the importance of considering the qualitative characteristics of physical activity (PA) interventions and sports as well as considering the role of motor competence in the exercise-cognition interplay. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a rhythmic PA intervention compared to a standard physical education program, on motor and hot and cool executive function (EF) skills. Children ages 6-11 were enrolled in one of the two programs a rhythmic program ( = 22) and a physical education program ( = 17), both meeting for 30 min, twice per week, for 7 weeks. The rhythmic program emphasized moving to the beat of music and moving in various rhythmic patterns with whole body movements, clapping, and drumsticks. The children also created their own rhythmic patterns and socially engaged with other children by working in pairs and sharing their routines with the group. The physical education group engaged in ball skills,e in helping children develop motor and EF skills while deriving joy and positive social interactions from the program. This study contributes to the literature by exploring the potential value of rhythmic programs as a vehicle in helping children develop motor and EF skills while deriving joy and positive social interactions from the program.Comparing the value of options is at the heart of economic decision-making. While an option may have an absolute quality (e.g. a food source has a fixed energy content), the perceived value of the option may be malleable. The factors affecting the perceived value of an option may thus strongly influence which option is ultimately chosen. Expectations have been shown to be a strong driver of perceived value in both humans and social insects, causing an undervaluation of a given option if a better option was expected, and an overvaluation if a poorer one was expected. In humans, perceived value can be strongly affected by social information. Value perception in some insects has also been shown to be affected by social information, showing conformism as in humans and other animals. Here, over a series of experiments, we tested whether pheromone trail presence, a social information source, influenced the perceived value of a food source in the ant Lasius niger. We found that the presence of pheromone trails leading to a sucrose solution does not influence food acceptance, pheromone deposition when returning from a food source, drinking time, or frequency of U-turns on return from the food. Two further assays for measuring changes in food acceptance, designed to increase sensitivity by avoiding ceiling effects, also showed no effect of pheromone presence on food acceptance. In a separate study, L. niger have also been found to show no preference for, or avoidance of, odors associated with foods found in the presence of pheromone. We are thus confident that trail pheromone presence does not affect the perceived value of a food source in these ants.Recently, considerable attention has been given to the effect of the age of acquisition (AoA) on learning a second language (L2); however, the scarcity of L2 AoA ratings has limited advancements in this field. VU661013 in vitro We presented the ratings of L2 AoA in late, unbalanced Chinese-English bilingual speakers and collected the familiarity of the L2 and the corresponding Chinese translations of English words. In addition, to promote the cross-language comparison and motivate the AoA research on Chinese two-character words, data on AoA, familiarity, and concreteness of the first language (L1) were also collected from Chinese native speakers. We first reported the reliability of each rated variable. Then, we described the validity by the following three steps the distributions of each rated variable were described, the correlations between these variables were calculated, and regression analyses were run. The results s