Kofoed Moesgaard (prisonbase59)

In the present work, we tried to identify the mechanism why by which the steroid alcohols accumulated when hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was present to enhance the sterol conversion rate. Compared with the bioconversion system without HP-β-CD, the reaction rate was greatly improved in presence of HP-β-CD, but the steroid alcohols largely accumulated concurrently. In a reaction system with an enhanced reaction rate, the higher intracellular NADH/NAD+ level was detected, and the production of steroid alcohols increased also. Mycobacterium neoaurum mutants with higher KshA activity (3-ketosteroid 9α-hydrolase, a monooxygenase hydroxylating the nucleus at C-9 at the expense of NAD(P)H consumption) reduced the steroid alcohol production, and in the meantime, the NADH/NAD+ level was decreased consequently. Further research found that oxygen availability was seriously inhibited by the cyclodextrin in a reaction system. These results indicated that NADH formed in the bioconversion was not properly regenerated via the respiratory chain because of the poor oxygen bioavailability. The inhibitory effect of cyclodextrin on oxygen bioavailability is a key factor for the metabolic flux redistribution toward steroid alcohols in phytosterol resting cells bioconversion.Nano-gold (Aunps) have emerged as promising options that exhibit unique features discrete from traditional materials suited for biomedical applications. Aunps were synthesized using flavonoid quercetin (Q) as reducing agent, and resultant nanoparticles were further conjugated with the flavonoid. The resultant nano-system was expected to perform a dual role as antibacterial and as antioxidant agent. Nano-gold surface plasmon peaks were recorded at 560 nm with size around 62 nm and having slim distribution pattern. Spherical particle with smooth surface was observed under TEM and AFM studies. TEM micrographs confirmed a homogeneous particle population of size around 30 nm. Quercetin association to nano-gold was corroborated through FTIR and EDAX analysis. Antioxidant nature of nano-gold prevented rapid oxidation of brilliant cresyl blue dye, in presence of sodium hypochlorite. Antimicrobial action of QuAunp was tested against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Nano-gold designed produced a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.6 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration 10.5 μg/ml against E. coli. Further TEM analysis and membrane permeability studies revealed the impact of QuAunps on bacterial membrane leading to cell damage.This study investigates the heterogeneous effects of remittance inflows, institutional quality, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, financial development, and trade openness on the ecological footprint spanning from 1990 to 2016 for the global panel of 93 countries. The current study employs a panel quantile regression (PQR) approach for tickling the distributional and unobserved country-specific heterogeneity. The findings reveal that remittance inflows significantly enhanced the environmental degradation in 5th to 70th quantiles and it turns to becomes negative at 80th to 95th quantiles. Similarly, institutional quality also deteriorates the environmental quality in all quantiles except higher quantiles such as 90th and 95th quantiles, which shows the improved environmental quality. Furthermore, the results support the validity of an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. In addition, financial development, energy consumption, and trade openness significantly deteriorate the environmental quality in the long run. In contrast, foreign direct investment improves environmental sustainability. Moreover, these findings are robust to various robustness analyses which confirm the consistency of the results. Related policy proposals are then offered according to our empirical findings.Behavior responses of organisms can be used as a non-invasive method for neurotoxicology studies since it directly links the ner