Matzen Bruce (potatovessel2)

Depression is a pervasive or persistent mental disorder that causes mood, cognitive and memory deficits. Uncaria rhynchophylla has been widely used to treat central nervous system diseases for a long history, although its efficacy and potential mechanism are still uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate anti-depression effect and potential mechanism of U. rhynchophylla extract (URE). A mouse depression model was established using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Effects of URE on depression-like behaviours, neurotransmitters, and neuroendocrine hormones were investigated in UCMS-induced mice. The potential target of URE was analyzed by transcriptomics and bioinformatics methods and validated by RT-PCR and Western blot. The agonistic effect on 5-HT receptor was assayed by dual-luciferase reporter system. URE ameliorated depression-like behaviours, and modulated levels of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), corticosterone (CORT), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), in UCMS-induced mice. Transcriptomics and bioinformatics results indicated that URE could regulate glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic systems, especially neuroactive ligand-receptor and cAMP signaling pathways, revealing that Htr1a encoding 5-HT receptor was a potential target of URE. The expression levels of downstream proteins of 5-HT signaling pathway 5-HT , CREB, BDNF, and PKA were increased in UCMS-induced mice after URE administration, and URE also displayed an agonistic effect against 5-HT receptor with an EC value of 17.42 μg/ml. U. rhynchophylla ameliorated depression-like behaviours in UCMS-induced mice through activating 5-HT receptor. U. rhynchophylla ameliorated depression-like behaviours in UCMS-induced mice through activating 5-HT1A receptor. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Depside Salt (SMDS) was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza with high-quality control of active principles. In 2005, China's FDA approved the use of SMDS for stable angina pectoris (SAP), but the evidence of SMDS combined with aspirin remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of SMDS combined with aspirin in patients with SAP. A multicenter, pragmatic, three-armed parallel group and an individually randomized controlled superiority trial was designed. Participants aged 35 to 75 years old with SAP were recruited from four "Class Ⅲ Grade A" hospitals in China. Participants who were randomized into the SMDS group were treated with SMDS by intravenous drip. Participants in the control group received aspirin enteric-coated tablets (aspirin). Participants who were randomly assigned to the combination group received SMDS combined with aspirin. All participants received standard care from clinicians, without any restrictions. The primary outcombined with aspirin. The study protocol was registered in the Clinical Trials USA registry (registration No. NCT02694848). SMDS combined with aspirin is a clinically effective and safe intervention to treat adults aged 35 and older with SAP. This trial shows that SMDS combined with aspirin can significantly improve the sensitivity rate of AA% in TEG and the VAS score of TCM symptoms. Further large samples and high-quality research are needed to determine if certain participants might benefit more from SMDS combined with aspirin. The study protocol was registered in the Clinical Trials USA registry (registration No. NCT02694848).In the present study, we evaluate the suppression effect by asking participants to make inferences with everyday conditionals ("if A, then B"; "if Ana finds a friend, then she will go to the theatre"), choosing between