Reece Geisler (plaintiger70)

Despite the rapid transmission of and death toll claimed by COVID-19, there is evidence of resistance toward behaviors shown to effectively prevent and slow the spread of the disease, such as mask wearing and social distancing. This study applies psychological reactance theory to examine COVID-19 message factors (i.e., message fatigue, issue importance) that may be linked to nonadherence to CDC recommendations via the experience of reactance. Participants (N = 268) were current U.S. residents over the age of 18 who completed an online survey about their perceptions of COVID-19 messaging in general as well as toward a specific COVID-19 message they recalled. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that perceived freedom threat toward a COVID-19 message was predicted positively by message fatigue and negatively by issue importance. Greater perceived freedom threat was linked to greater reactance, which in turn was associated with lower levels of adherence to hygiene- and social-related COVID-19 preventive behavior. Notably, the negative association between reactance and social-related adherence was stronger than that between reactance and hygiene-related adherence. Implications for the role of reactance in risk and crisis communication as well as for public health messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.Health policy plays a critical role in determining a state's or nation's overall population health, and health system change has been a priority for a majority of Americans for at least a decade. News coverage can influence health policy development, but little research has examined the quality of that coverage, in part because no consensus exists regarding what information health policy stories should include. This paper describes a series of in-depth interviews with eight health policy experts and 12 experienced journalists who have covered health policy. While rejecting the notion of strict quality criteria that could be applied to all health policy stories, the interviewees agreed on several factors that would improve health policy coverage. They recommended that health policy stories should include information about financial costs to consumers, evidence that a policy will have its intended effect, historical context for the policy, and "relatable hooks" that help consumers understand which groups a policy will affect and how. In addition, the interviewees stressed the importance of building policy coverage on trustworthy sources representing multiple viewpoints and the need to recognize how audience members' values influence their acceptance and interpretation of evidence. These findings provide an important foundation for future research examining the impact of health policy reporting on both public opinion and public policy development.Purpose Purpose of the current study was to assess the presence and functionality of the nucleoside transporters in the lacrimal gland for the tear disposition of its substrate given intravenously in rabbits.Materials and Methods Rabbits were divided into two groups - control and blocker pretreated. The blocker pretreated group received 5 mg/kg of dipyridamole 30 min before ribavirin (substrate), which was given at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. All the treatments were given intravenously. Blood and tear samples were collected at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min (n = 4; each time point) after substrate administration. Tear samples were collected on Schirmer's strips, and plasma was separated immediately after blood collection. All the samples were stored at -80°C until analysis by LC-MS/MS.Results Plasma ribavirin concentration for blocker pretreated group showed significantly (p less then .05) higher levels at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 min as compared to the control group. Similarly, tear ribavirin concentration for blocker pretreated group also showed a significant (p less then .05) increase at 5, 15, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 300 min compared to the contr