Melendez Morgan (pastapasta9)

Purpose To evaluate the effect of a mobile-based screening programme on eye care utilization in Iran. Method In this cluster randomized community trial, a representative sample of residents aged≥50 years from urban and rural areas in four districts in Tehran province were enrolled. The clusters were randomly assigned to one of the three parallel arms; the mHealth arm with digital data collection, vision screening test and retina evaluation using an integrated mobile application, the conventional arm with manual data collection and screening tests using Snellen chart and Fundus photography at the local primary healthcare facility, and the control arm with manual data collection without screening tests. The main outcome measure was eye care utilization which was defined as at least one visit to an optometrist or ophthalmologist. Results Of 3312 eligible individuals, 2520 (76.1%) participated. In the first 3 months after the screening programme, eye care utilization was higher among those who were referred by the mHealth method (35.6% 95%CI 31.1-40.4%) compared to those referred by the conventional method (32.7%, 95%CI 27.5-38.2%) and to those observed in the control arm (4.5%, 95%CI 3.2-6.0). Eye care utilization improved (OR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.2-1.9) among the referred people after the screening programme compared to the utilization before this programme; however, this improvement was significantly higher in the mHealth method (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2-2.4) compared to the conventional method (OR 1.2, 95%CI 0.8-1.8). Conclusion and relevance The mobile-based screening programme can significantly improve eye care utilization at the community level.HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains a crucial public health problem in the world. Unfortunately, health provider staffs such as nurses and physicians are the major source of stigmatization and discrimination against peoples living with HIV (PLHIVs) including in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess HIV-related stigma towards to PLHIV by nurses and physicians and to examine related factors. Descriptive Assessment Form and the HIV-Related Stigma Scale used for data collection. The study consisted of 405 health workers including 251 nurses and 154 physicians. selleckchem Over 86% of physicians and 69.3% of nurses had no specific education about HIV. More than 11% of the nurses and 8.4% of the physicians expressed that HIV can be transmitted with handshaking or breathing in a shared environment. Fear-driven stigma was significantly different by age, education, occupation, and work experience. Over 14% of the discrimination (Adjusted R2 = .14 F(15-389) = 4.46 P = .000), and 10% of the disclosure were explained by the variables (Adjusted R2 = .10 F(15-389) = 4.29 P = .000). The discrimination dimension had a strong positive relationship with the knowledge of HIV transmission modes. In our view, if physicians and nurses receive adequate and comprehensive training on HIV including stigma, the formations of stigma may be prevented and may not develop.Purpose Prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and access to services can vary significantly across and between different population groups. With renewed focus on universal health coverage and leaving no one behind, it is important to understand factors driving inequitable eye health. This paper presents results from five population-based surveys where prevalence of VI and cataract surgical coverage (CSC) were measured and examined for differences by sex, economic-status, and disability. Methods Rapid assessments of avoidable blindness took place in four rural sites Kalahandi, Jhabua and Sitapur in India; and Singida, Tanzania; and one urban site Lahore, Pakistan. In addition, the Equity Tool was used to measure economic status and the Washington Group Short Set was used to measure disability. Prevalence of VI and CSC were calculated and associations with sex, disability, and relative wealth examined. Results Prevalence of VI varied from 1.9% in Lahore to