Frederick Fraser (oaksailor75)

383). Significant differences were found in stages 2 and 3, and also 4 and 5 in females and 2 and 3, 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 in males. The mean frontal sinus index had a significant correlation with the CVM stage in both groups. According to the results, the frontal sinus index cannot be used as a predictor of skeletal maturity. According to the results, the frontal sinus index cannot be used as a predictor of skeletal maturity. This study aimed to determine the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a bulk-fill composite to permanent and primary coronal dentin using a universal adhesive in self-etch and total-etch modes. This in-vitro study was performed on 52 occlusal dentinal surfaces of human primary and permanent teeth. The crowns were cut to the gingival level. The 48 prepared dentin sections were randomly assigned to the following groups (n=13) A Primary/Total-etch, B Primary/Self-etch, C Permanent/Total-etch, and D Permanent/Self-etch. In groups A and C, after etching for 15 seconds, two layers of a universal bonding (Futurabond U) were applied and cured for 10 seconds. All samples were filled with a bulk-fill composite (x-trafil; VOCO) and cured for 40 seconds. The samples were cut to a bar-shaped dentin block with the dimensions of 1×1×1 mm , and after 10,000 thermocycles, the μTBS test was accomplished at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of μTBS were calculated, and the data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's exact test. The mean μTBS was as follows A 15.03±2.0279, B 11.11±2.4423, C 23.50±4.8165, and D 16.26±6.3200 MPa. Futurabond U showed a higher μTBS in the total-etch mode (P<0.001). The permanent teeth had greater μTBS than the primary teeth (P<0.001). Similar percentages of failure modes were observed in the total-etch groups but in the self-etch groups, most failures were in the form of adhesive and mixed. Greater μTBS was observed in the permanent teeth with the total-etch technique. Greater μTBS was observed in the permanent teeth with the total-etch technique. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of an oral health promotion program including supervised toothbrushing and educational packages for parents on parent's knowledge and oral health status of 6- to 7-year-old schoolchildren. A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied, and schools were allocated to intervention and control groups. After ethical clearance and baseline evaluation, an intervention package consisting of supervised toothbrushing at the school setting, an educational package for parents, and a home package containing toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste (1000 parts-per-million) were delivered. A post-intervention evaluation was performed after one month on parents' oral health knowledge and oral hygiene of children using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). Schools were considered as a unit of randomization, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to apply the cluster effect. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 software. Overall, 701 subjects were re-examined (response rate of 95%). At the one-month follow-up, being in the intervention group (P<0.001, B=-0.028, 95% confidence interval (CI)= -0.33, -0.23) and having higher socioeconomic status [P=0.01, B=-0.12, 95% CI=-0.22, -0.03) were significantly associated with improved oral hygiene status. In the post-test evaluation, parents' knowledge improvement score regarding oral health in the intervention group was not statistically different from that of the controls (0.51 vs. 0.23). However, the ΔOHI-S improved in the post-test evaluation (-0.27±0.02 vs. 0.02±0.02; P<0.001). Children showed improved oral hygiene status, as measured by the OHI-S, after the program consisting of supervised toothbrushing. Children showed im