Neal Dawson (nodesalt4)

Amiodarone is an effective antiarrhythmic drug. However, it is associated with changes in thyroid function in euthyroid patients due to its high iodine content and intrinsic drug effects. Studies have been conducted in iodine-deficient and iodine-sufficient countries; however, data from countries with excessive iodine intake are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term amiodarone treatment on thyroid function in euthyroid Japanese patients. Japanese adults aged ≥18 years who were treated with amiodarone for at least 90 consecutive days were included in this retrospective chart review. Patients with abnormal thyroid function test results at baseline were excluded. Serial changes in thyroid function tests at baseline and at days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 were analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Veliparib solubility dmso In total, 46 patients with a mean age of 63.7 years were evaluated. The mean TSH level significantly increased from 1.62 μIU/mL at baseline to 3.43, 2.75, 2.84, 2.78, and 2.65 μIU/mL at days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360, respectively. The mean free T4 level significantly increased from 1.3 ng/dL at baseline to 1.4, 1.5, 1.5, 1.5, and 1.5 ng/dL at days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360, respectively. The mean free T3 level significantly decreased from 2.8 pg/mL at baseline to 2.4, 2.3, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.4 pg/mL at days 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360, respectively. In conclusion, significant changes in thyroid function persisted not only in the acute phase but also in the chronic phase of long-term amiodarone treatment.Androgen regulates the function of lacrimal and meibomian glands, and its deficiency is a pathological factor underlying dry eye disease (DED). However, no androgen has been approved for treating DED due to lack of definite evidence regarding its efficacy and safety in clinics. In this systematic review, we have summarized the clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of androgen replacement therapy (ART) for DED. Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, Wanfang and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry Database were searched for the relevant prospective studies, and 7 studies wherein androgen was applied topically via eye drops or systemically via oral or transdermal administration were included. The quality of these studies was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and methodological index for non-randomized studies. Most studies showed that androgen effectively improved dry eye-related symptoms and increased tear secretion. Furthermore, elderly men and peri-menopausal women with lower levels of circulating androgens responded better to ART. However, one study involving patients with Sjögren's syndrome showed no improvement in the ART group compared to the placebo control, or to the baseline level. Adverse effects were also common but limited to mild skin problems. In conclusion, androgen is a potential treatment for dry eye disease, especially for people with primary androgen deficiency. Short-term application is relatively safe.The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib, lenvatinib, vandetanib, and cabozantinib are currently used for thyroid cancer treatment; however, the differences in their clinical efficacy and toxicity remain unclear. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and toxicity of these four TKIs based on 34 studies. The pooled incidence of partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), TKI-related adverse events (AEs), and pooled median progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Complete response to TKIs was extremely rare (0.3%). The highest PR rate and longest PFS were observed for lenvatinib in differentiated thyroid cancer (69%, 95% CI 57-81 and 19 months, 95% CI 9-29, respectively) and vandetanib in medullary thyroid cancer (40%, 95% CI 25-56 and 31 months, 95% CI 19-43, respectively). Although the discontinuation rate due to AEs was similar for each TKI,