Shore Molina (netshock1)

5%). In the three-level group, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 were the most common levels (55.7%). In the multilevel LDD group, contiguous multilevel disc degeneration (CMDD) was more common than the skipped level disc degeneration (SLDD). The levels L4-L5 were the most common levels in the CMDD group, and L5-S1 were the most common levels among SLDD. LDD was found to correlate with age, and the specific patterns and rates of LDD depended on lumbar disc level and age. These LDD pattern data can be used before spinal procedures to predict the probability of natural LDD progression with age. LDD was found to correlate with age, and the specific patterns and rates of LDD depended on lumbar disc level and age. These LDD pattern data can be used before spinal procedures to predict the probability of natural LDD progression with age. This is a retrospective study. Recent advances in intraoperative imaging and closed reduction techniques have led to a shifting trend toward surgical management in every unstable sacral fracture. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicoradiological outcome of the sacroiliac (SI) screw and lumbopelvic fixation (LPF) techniques and thereby delineate the indications for each. Optimal management guidelines for unstable sacral fractures are still lacking probably due to the rarity of these injuries and varying fixation trends. Out of the 67 patients, 40 and 27 were in the SI and LPF groups, respectively. The electronic medical record for each patient was reviewed, including patient demographic data, mode of trauma, coexisting injuries, neurological status (Gibbon's four-grade system), Injury Severity Score, time from admission to operative stabilization, type of surgical stabilization, complications, return to the operating room, and treatment outcome measures using Majeed's functional grading system and Mcomminuted fractures, unacceptable closed reduction, associated neurodeficit, lumbosacral dysmorphism, and high transverse fractures. Biomechanical study. To quantitatively investigate the effect of screw size on screw fixation in osteoporotic vertebrae with finite element analysis (FEA). Osteoporosis poses a challenge in spinal instrumentation; however, the selection of screw size is directly related to fixation and is closely dependent on each surgeon's experience and preference. Total 1,200 nonlinear FEA with various screw diameters (4.5-7.5 mm) and lengths (30-50 mm) were performed on 25 patients (seven men and 18 women; mean age, 75.2±10.8 years) with osteoporosis. The axial pullout strength, and the vertebral fixation strength of a paired-screw construct against flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were examined. Thereafter, we calculated the equivalent stress of the bone-screw interface during nondestructive loading. Then, using diameter parameters (screw diameter or screw fitness in the pedicle [%fill]), and length parameters (screw length or screw depth in the vertebral body [%length]), multiple regressiomechanical behavior of the screws, type of mechanical force applied on the corresponding vertebra, and anatomical limitations. Animal case control study. To create a simple, reproducible disc degeneration model for mouse coccygeal vertebrae. Back pain due to disc degeneration is probably the most common problem encountered in neurosurgical practice. An easily reproducible animal model for disc degeneration will help in understanding its pathophysiology, and serve as a platform for examining various therapeutic options. A total of 18 mice were divided into injured (n=12) and non-injured (n=6) groups. The disc height index (DHI%) at coccygeal 4-5 level was measured by computed tomography (CT) scan for all mice. Coccygeal 4-5 discs of the injury group were injured using a 32G needle fixed to a novel tool and confirmed by CT. The non-injury group u