Tran Casey (musicwing3)

Cavitation intensity has already been used to character the activity or strength of cavitation, and several methods are developed to measure the cavitation intensity. However, the previous definitions of cavitation intensity are often either vague or biased. In this paper, from the point of view of energy, the authors proposed a generalized definition of cavitation intensity, derived an approximate formula to calculate the cavitation intensity and discussed its measure method.This study explored the effects of probucol on myocardial injury, oxidative stress, and Cav-3 and Smad3 expression in myocardial tissues by establishing VMC rat models, in order to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of probucol in treatment of VMC. Sixty rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, probucollowdose group, andprobucol highdose group, with 15 in each group. Except for the control group, rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected coxsackievirus B3 diluent (0.2 ml) to replicate VMC models every 4 days. The results showed that Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, myocardial enzymes, cTn I, and MDA levels in the model group significantly increased (P less then 0.05), while the SOD level significantly decreased (P less then 0.05); and after probucol treatment, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, myocardial enzymes, cTn I and MDA levels significantly decreased (P less then 0.05), and the SOD level significantly increased (P less then 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was an increase in myocardial fibers with significant lesions in the model group, and the pathological scores and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cav-3 and Smad3 in myocardial cells significantly increased (P less then 0.05). Compared with the control group, the myocardial tissue lesions were improved in the probucol low dose group and highdose group, and the pathological scores and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cav-3 and Smad3 in myocardial cells were significantly reduced (P less then 0.05). In conclusion, probucol can significantly improve the pathological damage of myocardial tissue in VMC rats, and its mechanism may be related to improving the expression of myocardium-related proteins Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, inhibiting oxidative stress response, and down-regulating Cav-3 and Smad3 gene expression in myocardial tissue of VMC rats.Euphorbia kopetdaghi grows wild in the Northeast parts of Iran. Phytochemical study of its aerial parts led to the isolation of two undescribed cyclomyrsinol macrocyclic diterpenes with a new tetrahydrofuran oxidation pattern containing a hemiacetal group named kopetdaghinane A and B. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic activity of kopetdaghinane A was evaluated using standard MTT assay against MCF-7 breast cancer and OVCAR-3 ovary cells. HUVEC cells were used as a normal cell line for calculation of the selectivity index. The MTT showed cyclomyrsinol diterpene has a significant cytotoxic effect with good selectivity indexes against both cell lines but with more selectivity against MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis induction by cyclomyrsinol treatment was confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and caspase-6 activation. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Bcl-2 was noticeably decreased in response to kopetdaghinane A treatment, while the expression of Bax protein was increased. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of cyclomyrsinol was shown to be related to ROS production, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Taken together, these results showed that kopetdaghinane A inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and may be considered as an investigational compound in breast cancer preclinical study.Elevated inflammation is commonly observed in depression, but whether this association is causal is not determined. Our previous basic research indicated that Dl-3-n-butylp