Cannon Sharpe (kickwrist6)

Reduced HONO concentration effectively slows the O3 production in the morning, and such effect correlates with the calculated production rate of OH radicals from HONO photolysis. Higher HONO level supplying for OH radical initiation in the early morning might be the main reason for the higher O3 peak values in P1, which explained the correlation (R2 = 0.51) between average O3 value during daytime (1000-1900 LT) and average HONO value during early morning (0000-0500 LT). For nighttime accumulation, a suitable range of relative humidity that favored NO2 conversion within P1 was assumed to be the reason for the higher HONO concentration in the following early morning which promoted O3 peak values.Although the dynamics of individual rock-slope failures above recently shrinking glaciers have received increasing study, less is known about the spatial distribution of landslides in paraglacial settings. Here, we present a landslide inventory for large deglaciated area (~100,000 km2) situated within the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) limits of the Northern Patagonian Icefield (NPI). Using satellite images and the TanDEM-X digital elevation model, we mapped a total of 15,543 landslides, among which 1006 are deep-seated landslides (DSLs) with area ≥0.01 km2. The distribution of DSLs is highly asymmetric in a W-E transect of the NPI region, with pronounced clustering along the semi-arid eastern front of the Patagonian Andes. The most strongly affected domain is volcanic tablelands overlying weak Miocene sedimentary rocks, but DSLs tend to also cluster along recently deglaciated (i.e. since the end of the 19th century) eastern margin of the NPI. Compared with other high mountain regions, alpine valleys of the Patagonian Andes are affected by DSLs only in less then 1% of their area, an order of magnitude lower than in other reported deglaciated mountains. The modest incidence of DSLs in the Patagonian Andes is due to dominance of hard granitoid rocks and relatively weak historical seismic activity. We conclude that 1) geological conditions control the distribution of DSLs and their types in the NPI region; 2) paraglacial effects play secondary (although locally important) roles in the origin of DSLs; 3) local clusters of large DSLs originate due to specifics of the post-LGM landscape evolution, involving drawdowns of glacial lakes and incision of rivers into the unconsolidated deposits; and 4) increased abundance of landslides above the recently shrinking margin of the NPI results from the repeated Holocene fluctuations of glacier snouts around the Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier limits and the spatial coincidence of glacial debuttressing effects with the presence of active faults.Freshwater ecosystems are dynamic, complex systems with a multitude of physical and ecological processes and stressors which drive fluctuations on the community-level. Disentangling the effects of different processes and stressors is challenging due to their interconnected nature. However, as protected areas (i.e. national parks) are less anthropogenically impacted, they are ideal for investigating single stressors. We focus on the Bavarian Forest National Park, a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in Germany, where the major stressors are climate warming, air pollution (i.e. acidification) and bark beetle infestations. We investigated the effects of these stressors on freshwater macroinvertebrates using comprehensive long-term (1983-2014) datasets comprising high-resolution macroinvertebrate and physico-chemical data from a near-natural stream. Macroinvertebrate communities have undergone substantial changes over the past 32 years, highlighted by increases in overall community abundance (+173%) and riitional stress due to emerging competition with tolerant taxa. Conservation efforts should consider the temporal variability of communities and their recovery from disturbances to adequately identify species vulnerable to local or widespread extinction.Burning crop