Therkildsen Boel (jokewriter9)

Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) can increase the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dental caries. Interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices have been proposed to reduce the consumption of SSB. We included randomised controlled, non-randomised controlled, and interrupted time series studies on environmental interventions, with or without behavioural co-interventions, implemented in real-world settings, lasting at least 12 weeks, and including at least 40 individuals. Studies on the taxation of SSB were not included, as these are subject of a separate Cochrane review. We used standard Cochrane methods for data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and evidence grading and synthesis. Searches were updated to January 24, 2018. We identified 14,488 unique records and assessed 1,030 full texts for eligibility. We included 58 studies comprising a total of 1,180,096 participants and a median length ofts of interventions suitable for large-scale implementation, and interventions and settings not yet studied thoroughly. With observed benefits outweighing observed harms, we suggest that environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of SSB be considered as part of a wider set of measures to improve population-level nutrition. Implementation should be accompanied by evaluations using appropriate methods. Future studies should examine population-level effects of interventions suitable for large-scale implementation, and interventions and settings not yet studied thoroughly.Currently, there is no clear agreement on the definition and conceptualization for psychological resilience (PR) in old age. Adopting a pragmatic view, this article elucidates the definition and conceptualization of PR by (1) extracting existing PR concepts that are relevant to aging, and (2) elucidating the contributing and delimiting factors for developing and sustaining PR as guided by the biopsychosocial framework. In addition, a comprehensive review of the tools used to measure PR was conducted to examine how scholars have conceptualized PR. Consequently, the renewed understanding defines PR as an emergent construct which is malleable, enduring, and can be developed and sustained by a dynamic interplay of biological, psychological, spiritual, and social factors. Correlates in terms of physical and mental well-being in the context of aging are identified. Urachal cancer (UrC) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Rapamycin Due to its low incidence, structured epidemiological data have only rarely been reported. To date, no valid data on UrC are available for the German population. Data on incidence and relative 5-year survival of urachal lesions (ICD-10 C67.7) were collected from all population-based cancer registries in Germany, provided by the Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). Data were anonymized and included age, sex, and general histology (ICD-O-3). For comparison, a similar inquiry of the "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program" (SEER-18) database for the USA was conducted. From 2011 to 2015, a total of 154 and 152 cases of UrC were reported for Germany (RKI) and the USA (SEER-18 area), respectively. Age-standardized incidence was 0.32/1,000,000 age-standardized cases/year in both cohorts, and elderly persons were more often affected. The major histological type was adenocarcinoma (64.9 and 81.6%). Relative 5-year survival was 54.8% (CI 45.0-64.6) in Germaan population. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of cancer in general, primarily cervical cancer. We aim here to highlight the prevalence and genotypes of HR HPV and correlate its association with Pap tests' results, which are still not well known in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Over 7 years (2013-2019), the results of 164 Saudi women coinvestigated for HR HPV a