Adler Goode (jasondrop57)

Hookah tobacco is commonly used among young adults, and use is driven in part by widespread misperceptions about risks. Social media use, particularly Instagram, is prominent in this population and exposure to commercial and user-generated content promoting hookah commonly occurs. This study tested the effects of hookah tobacco risk messaging for delivery via Instagram as a strategy to offset exposure to content promoting hookah use among young adults. Young adult hookah smokers were recruited online for a 2 × 3 between-subjects experiment ( = 601). Participants completed preexposure measures and were randomized to view hookah tobacco Instagram ads (commercial or user generated) with risk messages (none, risk education, or graphic risk). Stimuli were presented as a simulated Instagram feed. After viewing the stimuli, participants completed postexposure outcome measures. There was a statistically significant main effect of risk message type but no significant main effect of Instagram ad type or risk message type by ad type interactions. Exposure to the graphic risk and risk education messages were associated with lower intentions to engage with hookah tobacco ads on Instagram. GA-017 nmr Graphic risk and risk education messages produced greater negative emotional response and the graphic messages increased motivation to quit compared with Instagram ads alone. Findings provide preliminary evidence that hookah tobacco risk messages delivered via Instagram can offset the influence of content promoting the use of hookah tobacco. This study represents an example of risk message testing and the results suggest the messages warrant further testing via social media delivery. This study represents an example of risk message testing and the results suggest the messages warrant further testing via social media delivery. Extensor tendon adhesions occurring after proximal phalangeal (P1) fractures are not uncommon. A previous report described the use of an adipofascial flap (AFF) to prevent adhesions after dorsal plating of the P1. The purpose of the study is to examine the results of open reduction and internal fixation with the use of an AFF (F group) and without (N group, that is, no flap used) in a larger group of patients. A retrospective study involving a period of 11 years was conducted involving results of 21 unstable fractures of the P1 of the fingers in 18 patients. In all, 12 fingers were treated without any flap (N group) and 9 fingers were treated with the AFF (F group). For each patient, the total active motion (TAM) ratio, and the grip strength (Jamar) ratio were assessed, and adverse effects and the 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) score were recorded. For statistical analysis, sample characteristics were described using mean ± standard deviation and median, and a Bayesian approach was used for inferential analysis. In the F group, the TAM ratio (84% ± 13% vs 65% ± 17%) was higher with a lower rate of adverse effects (OR 0.067, 95% CI, 0.0035-0.58,) and a lower VAS score with evidence of the positive effect of the AFF. The Jamar ratio was similar in the 2 groups (F group 80% ± 25% vs N group 79% ± 19%) with no associated effect of the AFF on grip strength. The AFF is a reliable tool to reduce adhesions between plates and the extensor apparatus of the P1 and may be useful to improve finger function after plating of P1 fractures. Therapeutic, Retrospective, Level IV. Therapeutic, Retrospective, Level IV. Implants are a significant contributor to health care costs. We hypothesized that extra-articular fracture patterns would have a lower implant charge than intra-articular fractures and aimed to determine risk factors for increased cost. In total, 163 patients undergoing outpatient distal radius fracture fixation at 2 hospitals were retrospectively reviewed stratified by Cur