Bergmann Berry (inkgrouse58)

The introduction of alternative CO2-fixing pathways in photoautotrophic organism may improve the efficiency of biological carbon fixation such as minimizing the carbon loss due to photorespiration. Here, we analyzed the effects of creating a formate entry point into the primary metabolism of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase (FTL) from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 was expressed in Synechocystis to enable formate assimilation and reducing the loss of fixed carbon in the photorespiratory pathway. Transgenic strains accumulated serine and 3-phosphoglycerate, and consumed more 2-phosphoglycolate and glycine, which seemed to reflect an efficient utilization of formate. However, labeling experiments showed that the serine accumulation was not due to the expected incorporation of formate. Subsequent DNA-microarray analysis revealed profound changes in transcript abundance due to ftl expression. Transcriptome changes were observed in relation to serine and glycine metabolism, C1-metabolism and particularly nitrogen assimilation. The data implied that ftl expression interfered with the signaling the carbon/nitrogen ratio in Synechocystis. Our results indicate that the expression of new enzymes could have a severe impact on the cellular regulatory network, which potentially hinders the establishment of newly designed pathways.Edible lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) has economic value in China, particularly in Gansu Province, due to its uses as food and in gardening. Edible lily is usually cultivated in a long-term continuous monoculture resulting in the so-called consecutive replant problem (CRP), which is associated with severe soil degradation and significant yield and quality losses. This study was conducted to investigate the fungal community structure and specific fungal members related to lily's CRPs using metabarcoding analysis. Fungal diversity of rhizosphere soil was analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (Miseq) of samples collected in fields at 0, 3, 6, and 9 replant years (L0, L3, L6, and L9, respectively). The results show that long-term replanting significantly decreased both soil fungal diversity and abundance at the OTUs levels. Furthermore, replanting altered the soil microbial communities, where 4 to 5 years of replanting is a key transition period for substantial change of fungal community structure, resulting in new fungal community structures in L6 and L9 compared to in L0 and L3. The fungal diversity loss and fungal community structure simplification contributes to the negative effect of replanting in lily, and after 6 years of replanting, accumulation of highly abundant pathogenic fungal genera and depletion of the putative plant-beneficial fungal genera exacerbate the lily CRP. In addition, changes in the soil physiochemical properties strongly contributes to the new structure of fungal communities, and the genera Cryptococcus and Guehomyces could be regarded as potential indicators to monitor and manage sustainable soil health in the lily cropping system.Microbes associated with sinking marine particles play key roles in carbon sequestration in the ocean. read more The sampling of particle-attached microorganisms is often done with sediment traps or by filtration of water collected with oceanographic bottles, both involving a certain time lapse between collection and processing of samples that may result in changes in particle-attached microbial communities. Conversely, in situ water filtration through submersible pumps allows a faster storage of sampled particles, but it has rarely been used to study the associated microbial communities and has never been compared to other particle-sampling methods in terms of the recovery of particle microbial diversity. Here we compared the prokaryotic communities attached to small (1-53 μm) and large (>53 μm) particles collected from the mesopelagic zone (100-300 m) of two Antarctic polynyas using in situ pump