McDougall Otte (ideabrace29)

Nurses worldwide have striven to establish nursing as a profession, autonomous but complementary to the medical profession. Literature as far back as the Renaissance demonstrates an overall derogatory attitude toward the nurse's role. The modern notion of the nurse working side by side the medical practitioner continues to be overshadowed by the heroic medical doctor. This paper will discuss Christine Chapel and Alyssia Ogawa, who arguably are the only two nurses on board Star Trek's Enterprise, given prominent roles. In various and multiple episodes, their roles reveal a recurrence of the subservient attitude to the medical practitioner. Yet, there seems to be a shift toward a more multi-disciplinarian approach a century later in the ST time-line. The general concept of the nurses' role is similar and parallels real life - a role subsumed by and subservient to the medical doctor. Machine intelligence, whether it constitutes Strong artificial intelligence (AI) or Weak AI, may have varying degrees of independence. Both Strong and Weak AIs are often depicted as being programmed with safeguards which prevent harm to humanity, informed by Asimov's programs called the Laws of Robotics. This paper will review these programs through a reading of instances of machine intelligence in Star Trek, and will attempt to show that these "ethical subroutines" may well be vital to our continued existence, irrespective of whether the machine intelligences constitute Strong or Weak AI. In effect, this paper will analyse the machine analogues of conscience in Star Trek, and will do so through an analysis of the android Data and the Emergency Medical Hologram. We will argue that AI should be treated with caution, lest we create powerful intelligences that may not only ignore us but also find us threatening. Cutaneous wound healing is one of the public health interests. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoemulsion cream containing lavender essential oil and licorice extract on the healing of deep skin wound in a rat model. Eighty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including untreated defects as negative control and defects treated with vehicle ointment, lavender essential oil and licorice extract in emulsion and nanoemulsion forms, and phenytoin 1% as the positive control with an excisional wound on the dorsal neck of each rat. On days 2, 7 and 14 oxidative stress factors were evaluated in wound tissue homogenates. The expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and type I and type III collagen genes were evaluated. Also, wound tissue samples were processed for Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson-Trichrome staining. Nanoemulsion reduced the wound area more than other groups significantly. Real-time PCR data demonstrated that nanoemulsion and phenytoin groups have shown the best result in increasing TGF-β1, Type I and type III collagen genes expression compared to the other groups. Reduction in lipid peroxidation level and increasing in SOD and GPx activity was also significant in the nanoemulsion and phenytoin groups. The formation of granular tissue likewise the appearance of collagen in nanoemulsion and phenytoin groups were faster than the other groups. Nanoemulsion cream containing lavender essential oil and licorice extract exhibited a promising wound healing potential towards the excisional wound model in rats. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman who developed advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) affecting the right eyebrow, invading the orbit. Globe displacement resulted in visual disturbances. Following multidisciplinary assessment, the tumour was deemed technically resectable for excision and right orbital exenteration. The patient however refused ablative surgical treatment; in view of her multiple comorbidities, the tumour was considered unresectable for her. Targeted therapy with vismodegib (Erivedge; Roche Pharmaceuticals) was therefore initiated in accordance with the patient's des