Cheng Weeks (hubbutter9)

Most of participants rated their level of knowledge as moderate and were inclined towards the need for more training. Around 80% of participants had either moderate stress or severe perceived stress. Conclusion Our study revealed a relatively good level of KAP among respondents, but there is a need for further training programs. This study yielded high stress levels among respondents, with personal and family safety being the main concerns. The government should, therefore, take proper measures to alleviate the stress levels to provide a strong frontline force.Background COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has seriously affected the entire world. This study was aimed to assess prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression during the pandemic in our Pakistani population, including healthcare professionals, undergraduate medical students, and general public. Methods An online cross sectional survey was conducted; with a questionnaire having demographic profile, COVID-19-related knowledge/awareness, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). A total of 1014 people responded to the survey. Chi square test was used to compare different groups, and logistic regression models were used to explore influencing factors for anxiety and depression symptoms. Results Of the 1014 respondents, 92.6% were aware of COVID-19, and the prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms was 4.6% and 14.3%, respectively. Healthcare professionals had more awareness about COVID-19 as compared to medical students and general public (p less then 0.001). Logistic regression models showed females, and people who were not aware of COVID-19 (≤ 6 points score) were more likely to have both anxiety and depression symptoms (p less then 0.05), the general public had more anxiety than healthcare professionals (p less then 0.05), while undergraduate medical students and young people had only depression (p less then 0.05). Conclusion Although major mental health burden is not present in Pakistan, but there is a dire need to pay more attention to vulnerable groups like young people, undergraduate medical students, and women. Psychological interventions are required to reduce the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic.Background Thyroid cartilage ossifies through time. In addition to different methods for age estimation, ossified volume can be a valuable index for age estimation. In this study, anthropometric characteristics and ossified volume were measured using CT scan imaging to find potential correlations between measures and age. Methods In this study, 100 thyroid cartilage of Iranian corpses (60 men and 40 women) were studied. Corpses from Kahrizak hall of Tehran Legal Medicine Organization were included in this study. After obtaining required consent from their family, their thyroid cartilage was separated by an expert, and anthropometric properties of the cartilage were recorded. A 64-slice Siemens CT scan machine was used to measure specimen ossified volume and Hounsfield score by 3D reconstruction of images. Pearson's correlation test was used to measure the correlation between thyroid calcified volume and chronological age. Repeated measurement ANOVA test was also used to measure the correlation of the ossifieddition, thyroid cartilage measures are useful for sex determination.Background Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are widely used in large studies worldwide. They usually seek to rank people according to their usual food intake rather than a specific period of time. In the present study, we aimed to develop a dish-based, semi-quantitative FFQ to seek habitual diet of general population aged 9 to 65 years in Tehran. Methods To develop the FFQ, four main steps were taken. At the beginning a list of commonly consumed Iranian foods and mixed dishes was prepared. To prevent excessive questionnaire length, some food items were grouped. Then, reference portion sizes were defined for each mixed d