Jarvis Slaughter (hempbite36)

Vitamin D is key to the musculoskeletal system. MFI8 Its deficiency can arise from lack of exposure to sunlight and through dietary insufficiency. This can have an impact upon the oral health of an individual, including resulting in chronological hypoplasia enamel defects. Enamel hypoplasia is a quantitative defect in the enamel, presenting as pits, grooves, missing enamel or smaller teeth. The management of these defects can present a challenge to the dentist. This paper outlines the oral manifestations of vitamin D deficiency in the permanent dentition and the treatment modalities used in their management.Falls are a serious issue that occur mainly among older people. Due to an increasingly ageing population, worldwide, dental surgeons will very likely see patients who either have suffered or are at risk of a fall. In addition, other at-risk patient groups may visit dental surgeons, such as paediatric, special care or medically compromised patients - the latter suffering neurological or movement disorders, sensory impairments, and cardiorespiratory and bone or joint diseases. Patients at risk of falls may also be at risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ); further challenges for the dental surgeon include transfer to the dental chair and the provision of sedation or general anaesthesia. While falls could cause dental and maxillofacial trauma, emerging evidence suggests dental health could also be an independent risk factor for falls; therefore, dental surgeons may have a role in preventing falls. NICE and Public Health England (PHE) both recommend that all healthcare professionals caring for at-risk patients should maintain a basic knowledge of falls and be able to advise on falls prevention.The 20-year anniversary of the implementation of NICE TA1 - Guidance on the Extraction of Wisdom Teeth - arrived in March 2020. Since its implementation, impaction of erupted or partially erupted mandibular third molars and the associated increased caries risk in second molars has been a topic widely debated in both general practice and hospital settings. This has led to significant variation in the management observed. Radiographic examination of carious second molars with an associated impacted third molar is not routine and is commonly a coincidental finding following routine bitewing examination in an otherwise symptom-free, healthy mouth. Caries in mandibular second molars is a clear oversight in NICE guidance, with management decisions influenced by personal philosophy, clinical judgement and experience. NICE guidance is exactly that; guidance, an aid to help our and the patient's decision-making. Consideration should be given to caries risk assessment and the judicious use of radiographs as well as clinical expertise, taking account of patient values on a case-by-case basis when deciding if teeth should be kept or removed.The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged health professions and systems and has evoked different speeds of reaction and types of response around the world. The role of dental professionals in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is critically important. While all routine dental care has been suspended in countries experiencing COVID-19 disease during the period of pandemic, the need for organised urgent care delivered by teams provided with appropriate personal protective equipment takes priority. Dental professionals can also contribute to medical care. Major and rapid reorganisation of both clinical and support services is not straightforward. Dental professionals felt a moral duty to reduce routine care for fear of spreading COVID-19 among their patients and beyond, but were understandably concerned about the financial consequences. Amidst the explosion of information available online and through social media, it is difficult to identify reliable research evidence and guidance, but moral decisions must be made.Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and le