Mullins Willumsen (helmetpillow3)

OBJECTIVE The main objective of the study was to show the morphologic features of optic strut (OS) and prechiasmatic sulcus (PS) in the fetal skull base with a surgical anatomical perspective. METHODS Twenty-three fetal cadavers (9 female, 14 male) with an average age of 21.70 ± 3.12 (range 16-28) weeks of gestation in the inventory of the Anatomy Department were included in the study. Measurements were made with a digital image analysis software and goniometer. RESULTS The sulcal length, interoptic distance, planum length, and sulcal angle were detected as follows 3.91 ± 0.74 mm, 6.88 ± 1.04 mm, 6.55 ± 1.51 mm, and 24.52 ± 9.51°, respectively. Considering the location of the posteromedial margin of OS according to PS, OS was identified as the sulcal in 56.5% (13 cases), postsulcal in 30.4% (7 cases), and asymmetric in 13% (3 cases). According to the sulcal length and angle, PS was identified as type 1 in 26.1% (6 cases), type 2 in 21.7% (5 cases), type 3 in 30.4% (7 cases), and type 4 in 21.7% (5 cases). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the sulcal length and angle reach adult size in utero. Taking into account the fetal and the gathered adult measurements, the high percentage of steep angle compared to flat angle show that after birth, PS become more flat, probably depending on the variations of the sphenoid sinus pneumatization. Thus, more studies conducted on the alterations in PS and OS types relative to the pneumatization are needed in terms of patient positioning, selection of appropriate surgical approach, and intraoperative decision-making. BACKGROUND Central neurocytomas (CNCs) are rare intraventricular lesions comprising 0.05 suggested significance). RESULTS On aggregation, 615 patients from 13 studies including ours were assessed. Although overall survival was not significantly different (χ2 = 1.56; P = 0.46), the recurrence rate differed significantly between GTR + RT (6.9%, 92.11 months), GTR-RT (23.9%, 96.8 months), and MSR + RT (16.8%, 85 months) (χ2 = 10.94; P = 0.004). Pooled complication rates for GTR and MSR + RT were 31.2% and 24% (P = 0.049), respectively. CONCLUSIONS RT remains an important adjuvant treatment that can improve patient survival in the presence of MSR to levels comparable to those of GTR or GTR + RT. Where total resection carries too much risk, MSR + RT can be considered as the next best alternative for tumor control. Colloid cysts are benign and rare tumors of the brain. The growth rates of these tumors are unpredictable. There have been many factors attributed for sudden symptomatic presentation in colloid cyst. These cysts can increase in size and obstruct the Cerebrospinal fluid pathways producing obstructive hydrocephalus. Consequently, this can manifest as acute severe headaches followed by deterioration in consciousness or even sudden death in patients. Sudden symptomatic presentation of patients with colloid cysts during air travel have been reported sparsely in the literature. In this report, we describe such a patient with colloid cyst who had acute severe headache and deterioration in consciousness during air travel. The physiologic effects of the cabin pressure and high altitude on the intracranial pressure is discussed along with review of literature. In absence of periodic systematic comparisons, biologists/bioinformaticians may be forced to make a subjective selection among the many protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases and tools. We conducted a comprehensive compilation and comparison of such resources. We compiled 375 PPI resources, short-listed 125 important ones (both lists are available at startbioinfo.com), and compared the features and coverage of 16 carefully-selected databases related to human PPIs. We quantitatively compared the coverage of 'experimentally verified' as well as 'total' (experimentally verified and predicted) PPIs for these 16 databases. Coverage was compared in two ways (a)