Williamson Malmberg (hatslash6)

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes play a significant role in the metabolism of quetiapine, and coadministration with a UGT inhibitor/inducer drug may change its pharmacokinetic profile. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of probenecid, a UGT enzyme inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetic profile of quetiapine. Twelve treatment-naïve, 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighting 161 ± 22 g) were randomly and equally divided into control, quetiapine-alone and quetiapine plus probenecid groups. The quetiapine plus probenecid group received a single oral dose of probenecid (50 mg/kg) followed by 50 mg/kg of quetiapine; the quetiapine-alone group only received 50 mg/kg of quetiapine. Blood samples (0.2 ml) were collected from all rats after 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of the drug administration in heparinized tubes. The pre-established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was utilized to ascertain the plasma concentration of quetiapine and thepment of quetiapine toxicity. The results of this animal study suggest that glucuronidation by UGT enzyme system may also play an important role in quetiapine metabolism, which, if proven in future human studies, would imply that the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of quetiapine may require alterations when co-administered with probenecid to avoid development of quetiapine toxicity. Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affect the protective role of vitamin D against many types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to assess the effect of four major polymorphisms of the gene ( , , and ) on the risk of CRC in a Saudi population. This case-control study recruited 132 CRC patients from the oncology clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and 124 healthy controls from the blood bank at King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2017 and August 2018. All participants were Saudis and aged 20-80 years. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood cells and amplified with polymerase chain reaction. The resulting fragments were digested with different endonucleases to reveal the genotypes using the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The genotype distribution and allele frequency, odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) and values were determined with con This study found that VDR SNPs ApaI and TaqI increase the risk of CRC, whereas BsmI reduces the risk of CRC in the selected Saudi population. Therefore, ApaI and TaqI SNPs could potentially be used as a diagnostic biomarker for CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these variants increase or decrease the risk of CRC need to be investigated. Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative condition that is one of the most common causes of heel and foot pain. Among noninvasive management of plantar fasciitis, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been extensively studied and found to be effective, but few studies have assessed the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) method. This study aimed to show the effectiveness of KT compared with ESWT in the management of plantar fasciitis. A total of 84 patients with plantar fasciitis were enrolled from a single center and randomized into KT and ESWT treatment groups in a 11 ratio (i.e., 42 patients in each group); only one foot was considered for each patient. Both KT and ESWT were applied once a week for 6 weeks. Patients' pain, functional status and quality of life were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), Foot Function Index (FFI) and the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) health survey, respectively. Patients' fat pat and plantar fascia thickness were measured using ultrasonography. All evaluations were pey. Multicentered studies with larger sample size and longer follow-u