Haslund From (harpbeggar9)

BACKGROUND The influenza A(H3N2) vaccine was updated from clade 3C.3a in 2015-16 to a clade 3C.2a strain for both 2016-17 and 2017-18. Circulating 3C.2a viruses showed considerable diversity in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein and the egg-adapted vaccine strain also bore mutations, notably T160K loss-of-glycosylation. METHODS Vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2016-17 and 2017-18 was assessed by test-negative-design, explored by A(H3N2) phylogenetic sub-cluster and prior season's vaccination history. RESULTS In 2016-17, A(H3N2) VE was 36%(95%CI=18-50%) comparable with (43%;95%CI=24-58%) or without (33%;95%CI=-16-64%) prior vaccination in 2015-16. In 2017-18,VE was 14%(95%CI=-8-31%)lower with (9%;95%CI=-18-30%) versus without (45%;95%CI=-7-71%) prior vaccination in 2016-17. CONCLUSIONS Exploring VE by phylogenetic sub-cluster and prior vaccination history reveals informative heterogeneity, but requires enhanced sample-size. Pivotal mutations conferring loss-of-glycosylation, and repeat vaccination with unchanged antigen, may be associated with reduced VE. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.BACKGROUND We compared the cost-effectiveness of 10 weeks of outreach rehabilitation (intervention) versus usual care (control) for ambulatory nursing home residents after hip fracture. METHODS Enrollment occurred February 2011 through June 2015 in a Canadian metropolitan region. 77 participants were allocated in a 21 ratio to receive a 10-week rehabilitation program (intervention) or usual care (control) (46 intervention; 31 control). Using a payer perspective, we performed main and sensitivity analyses. Health outcome was measured by quality-adjusted life years(QALYs), using the EQ5D, completed at study entry, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. We obtained patient-specific data for outpatient visits, physician claims, and inpatient re-admissions; the trial provided rehabilitation utilization/cost data. We estimated incremental cost and incremental effectiveness. RESULTS Groups were similar at study entry; the mean age was 87.9±6.6 years, 54(71%) were female and 58(75%) had severe cognitive impairment. EQ5D QALYs scoresermissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and fast-acting treatment for depression used in the clinic. Its mechanism of therapeutic action remains uncertain. UBCS039 mouse Previous studies have focused on documenting neuroplasticity in the early phase following electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT. Here, we investigate whether changes in synaptic plasticity and non-neuronal plasticity (vascular and mitochondria) are sustained 3 months after repeated ECS trial. METHODS ECS or sham treatment was given daily for one day or 10 days to a genetic animal model of depression the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line (FSL/FRL) rats. Stereological principles were employed to quantify numbers of synapses and mitochondria, and length of microvessels in the hippocampus 24 hours after a single ECS, 3 months after 10 ECS treatments (one a day for 10 days) and sham-treatment. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Results A single ECS treatment significantly increased the volume of hippocampal CA1-stratum radiatum (SR), the total length of microvessels, mitochondria number and synapse number. The observed changes were sustained as shown in the multiple ECS treatment group analyzed 3 months after the last of 10 ECS treatments. CONCLUSION A single ECS caused rapid effects of synaptic plasticity and non-neuronal plasticity, while repeated ECS induced long-lasting changes in the efficacy of synaptic plasticity and non-neuronal plasticity at least up to 3 months after ECS. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.BACKGROUND Disturbed self-regulation, taste