Ortiz Huynh (graydoll04)

ive values. We believe that all measurements could be used as markers for difficult laryngoscopy in newborns and infants. Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss. Few studies have evaluated the residual area of the periodontal ligament in extracted teeth and, to the best of our knowledge, none from Latin America have done so regarding indications for extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual periodontal ligament (RPL) with respect to indication for extraction in a sample of teeth from a Brazilian Public Health Service district. All teeth extracted within the Public Health Service district of Santa Maria, Brazil, over a 5-month period were requested for analysis. A total of 414 teeth eligible for measurement were stained and evaluated for RPL using a stereo microscope. Participating Public Health Service dentists completed a questionnaire detailing demographic variables and indication for each extracted tooth. The percentage of RPL was determined for each tooth. Comparisons of RPL between teeth extracted on periodontal versus other indications were made using the Mann-Whitney test. RPL averaged 34.8% for teeth extracted on periodontal indications versus 79.5% for other teeth (P≤0.001). When considering teeth with an RPL≥30% as possible to maintain, 189 (76%) of the teeth extracted on periodontal indications could have been maintained. When RPL cut-off limits of≥40% or≥50% are applied, 93 (37%) and 43 (17%) teeth, respectively, could have been maintained. This study suggests that strictly based on RPL, a large number of teeth extracted on periodontal indications conceivably could be maintained. This study suggests that strictly based on RPL, a large number of teeth extracted on periodontal indications conceivably could be maintained. Melasma is a commonly acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation that often poses a therapeutic challenge for dermatologists. Recently, cysteamine cream has shown promising results compared to placebo. This study aims to determine the efficacy of cysteamine cream compared to hydroquinone cream in the treatment of melasma. A randomised, double-blinded, single-centre trial was conducted in Victoria, Australia. 20 recruited participants were given either cysteamine cream or hydroquinone cream for 16weeks. RK-33 manufacturer The primary outcome measure was a change in the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI). Quality of life at baseline and week 16 as well as standard digital photography at each follow-up visit was assessed as secondary outcome measures. At week 16, 14 participants completed the study with 5 participants in the cysteamine group and 9 patients in the hydroquinone group. In the intention to treat analysis, there was a 1.52±0.69 (21.3%) reduction in mMASI for the cysteamine group and a 2.96±1.15 (32%) reand hydroquinone are required to support these findings.Foliar fungal endophytes are ubiquitous plant symbionts that can affect plant growth and reproduction via their roles in pathogen and stress tolerance, as well as plant hormonal signaling. Despite their importance, we have a limited understanding of how foliar fungal endophytes respond to varying environmental conditions such as nutrient inputs. The responses of foliar fungal endophyte communities to increased nutrient deposition may be mediated by the simultaneous effects on within-host competition as well as the indirect impacts of altered host population size, plant productivity, and plant community diversity and composition. Here, we leveraged a 7-yr experiment manipulating nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients to investigate how nutrient-induced changes to plant diversity, plant productivity, and plant community composition relate to changes in foliar fungal endophyte diversity and richness in a focal native grass host, Andropogon gerardii. We found limited evidence of direct effects of nutty of th