McCarthy Middleton (gluevoice23)

Conclusion The existence of different subgroups demonstrate that the same running-related injury can be represented by different kinematic presentations. A subclassification based on the kinematic presentation may help clinicians in their clinical reasoning process when evaluating runners with a running-related injury and could inform targeted intervention strategy development.Objectives Investigate prospectively whether dynamic balance and frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) are risk factors for the development of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in male military recruits. Study design Prospective cohort. Setting Military training center. Participants 135 male military recruits were followed prospectively for six weeks and the incidence of PFP was documented. Main outcomes Baseline measures of the Y-Balance test (YBT) and two-dimensional FPKPA during single-leg squatting were recorded. Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify possible variables associated with the development of PFP. Results A total of 14 male recruits developed PFP during the follow up period. The PFP group had significantly greater asymmetry on the YBT posterolateral direction (mean difference = 3.44 ± 0.57 cm; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.38-4.51 cm) and greater FPKPA during single-leg squat (mean difference = 5.55°±1.78°; [CI] = 1.81-9.28°) at baseline when compared to controls. Binary logistic regression models revealed that YBT posterolateral asymmetry ≥4.08 cm (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.304; X2 = 21.63; p less then 0.001; OR = 5.46; [CI] = 4.47-8.06) and FPKPA ≥ 4.81° (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.249; X2 = 17.46; p less then 0.001; OR = 4.65; [CI] = 3.32-9.06) were significantly associated with PFP. Conclusions Male military recruits with greater asymmetry on the YBT posterolateral direction and FPKPA were at a greater risk of developing PFP.Objectives To culturally adapt the Attention Questionnaire of Rehabilitated Athletes Returning to Competition (AQ-RARC) in the Italian language. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Italian athletes. Participants We recruited 324 athletes (215 men, 109 women) divided in two samples 101 injured athletes returning to their first competition following injury, 223 non-injured athletes making their first competition of the regular season. Main outcome measures The AQ-RARC-IT, the Psychobiosocial States Scale (PBS-ST), and a Concentration Disruption scale. Athletes completed the questionnaires at the end of their first competition. We investigated the construct validity, the internal consistency, and the concurrent validity of all measures. Results A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor structure of the AQ-RARC-IT yielding acceptable fit indices, CFI = 0.930, TLI = 0.912, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.100 (.076-.123), and SRMR = 0.082. Concurrent validity was evaluated through Pearson's correlation coefficients between measures. Correlations ranged in magnitude from weak to moderately high. Conclusions Study findings showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the AQ-RARC-IT. The questionnaire can be used for clinical and research purposes.Objectives To evaluate short-term effects of a four-week gait retraining program using visual feedback on trunk flexion angle, patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress, lower extremity biomechanics and motor skill automaticity. Design Longitudinal interventional study. Settings University research laboratory. Participants Twelve asymptomatic recreational runners (seven male and five female). Main outcome measures Trunk kinematics as well as lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were assessed prior to training at week 1 (baseline) and week 2, 3, 4 and 8 (retention). PFJ stress was computed using a sagittal plane model. A dual-task procedure was performed to examine automaticity. Results At week 8, runners demonstrated 10.1° increase in trunk flexion angle (p less then .001) and 17.8% reduction in peak PFJ stress (p less then .001) compared to basel