Petty Banke (gaugetaste71)

A widely distributed urban bird, the house crow (Corvus splendens), was used to assess bioavailable heavy metals in urban and rural environments across Pakistan. Bioaccumulation of arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) was investigated in wing feathers of 96 crows collected from eight locations and categorized into four groups pertaining to their geographical and environmental similarities. Results revealed that the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn, Cu, and Cr were positively correlated and varied significantly among the four groups. Zn, Fe, Cr, and Cu regarded as industrial outputs, were observed in birds both in industrialized cities and in adjoining rural agricultural areas irrigated through the Indus Basin Irrigation System. Birds in both urban regions accrued Pb more than the metal toxicity thresholds for birds. The house crow was ranked in the middle on the metal accumulation levels in feathers between highly accumulating raptor and piscivore and less contaminated insectivore and granivore species in the studied areas,. This study suggests that the house crow is an efficient bioindicator and supports the feasibility of using feathers to discriminate the local pollution differences among terrestrial environments having different levels and kinds of anthropogenic activities. The mainaim of this study was to conduct an integrative review on the influence of the zirconia veneer thickness on the degree of conversion of resin-matrix cements. An electronic search was performed on PubMedusing a combination of the following search items zirconia, thickness, veneer, degree of conversion, resin cement, light curing, and polymerization. Articles published in the English language, up to July 2020, were included regarding the influence of ceramic veneer thickness on the degree of conversion of resin-matrix cements. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were also evaluated. Of the 21 selectedstudies, 9 investigated the light-curing effect, while five other articles evaluated the ceramic translucency. Three studies evaluated the degree of conversion of the resin-matrix cement while four articles assessed the veneer thickness. Results revealed a significant decrease of light transmission through the zirconia with a thickness ranging from 0.1 upto 1.5 mm. However, theical properties. Clinicians should consider the zirconia thickness on resin-based cementation since a higher veneer thickness can negatively affect the light irradiation intensity towards the dual-curing resin-matrix cement. Thus, the degree of conversion of the resin-matrix cement can decrease leading to a low chemical stability (e.g., color instability) and poor mechanical properties.Eosinophils comprise approximately 1-4% of total blood leukocytes that reside in the intestine, bone marrow, mammary gland, and adipose tissues to maintain innate immunity in healthy individuals. Eosinophils have four toxic granules known as major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), and upon degranulation, these granules promote pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases like allergy, asthma, dermatitis, and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the role of eosinophils is underscored in exocrine disorders including pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an inflammatory disorder that occurs due to the alcohol consumption, blockage of the pancreatic duct, and trypsinogen mutation. Eosinophil levels are detected in higher numbers in both CP and pancreatic cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. The mechanistic understanding of chronic inflammation-induced pancreatic malignancy has not yet been reached and requires further exploration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of eosinophil-ass