Patton Avila (frogsoup47)

Both episodes serve as reminders, cautionary tales lest we allow history to repeat itself and such atrocities to be relived. The first collection of Star Trek (ST) papers in this journal concentrated on the various doctors that appeared in ST in chronological screening order. This second collection will demonstrate that depictions of certain characters in ST harkens back to the high-ranking Nazis Adolf Eichmann and Josef Mengele, cautionary tales, lest we allow history to repeat itself and such atrocities to be relived. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also explored as well as issues pertaining to AI in the medical field and ST's introduction of "ethical subroutines" that attempt to ensure that artificial beings (including doctors) are created with the machine analogues of a conscience. Nanotechnology in ST is also shown to be a potential field that can be applied not only for medical benefit but also with malevolent intentions. These narratives also serve as cautionary tales with regard to the potential unintended consequences of completely unfettered research. Finally, another paper will review the role of nurses in the Star Trek universe and will show that while nursing as a profession has striven for autonomy, in ST, the nurse continues to be overshadowed by the medical doctor. It is hoped that this collection of papers may help us to understand where it is that medicine may be heading and what are our best options are for averting problems, tragedy and outright disaster/s. Nanotechnology is defined as the study, creation and utilisation of structures ranging in size between 1 and 100 nm. Nanotechnology in Star Trek has been used by both the benevolent Federation (to which humanity belongs) and the Borg, a malevolent cybernetic horde intent on assimilating all individuals into a collective hive mind with complete loss of individuality. Manichaeism is a dualistic philosophy which maintains that principles and actions are either intrinsically good or evil. This paper will demonstrate that the utilisation of nanotechnology by these two Star Trek groupings reveals the Manichean nature of the struggle between the Federation and the Borg. While the Federation utilises nanotechnology for medical purposes, the Borg use this technology solely to forcibly assimilate individuals to serve as "drones," mindless slaves. These narratives also serve as cautionary tales with regard to the potential unintended consequences of unconsidered actions and completely unfettered research. INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the U.S. Restrictive alcohol policies protect against crashes involving alcohol above the legal blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%. Characteristics of motor vehicle crash fatalities involving blood alcohol concentrations below the limit and their relationships to alcohol control policies have not been well characterized. METHODS Motor vehicle crash fatality data and crash and decedent characteristics from 2000 to 2015 came from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and were analyzed in 2018-2019. Alcohol Policy Scale scores characterized alcohol policy environments by state-year. Generalized estimating equation alternating logistic regression models assessed these scores and the odds that a fatality involved alcohol below the legal threshold. RESULTS Of 612,030 motor vehicle crash fatalities, 223,471 (37%) died in alcohol-involved crashes, of which 33,965 (15% of alcohol-involved fatalities or 6% of all fatalities) had a blood alcohol concentration less then 0.08%. A 10 percentage point increase in Alcohol Policy Scale score, approximating the interquartile range among states, was associated with reduced odds of fatalities involving alcohol less then 0.08% vs 0.00% (AOR=0.91, 95% CI=0.89, 0.93). These findings held across multiple subgroup analyses by decedent and crash characteristics. Similar results were found for odds of alcohol involvement less then 0.05% vs 0.00% (AOR=0.90, 9