Stanton Bojesen (freezeword5)

In addition to safety and risk issues, urban resilience research should focus more comprehensive and universal contradictions. Considering the main contradictions of Chinese urban development, and the connotation of urban resilience, a theoretical framework is constructed based on the contradiction between supply and demand of the daily activity-environment system. Furthermore, an assessment index system of urban resilience is also developed that considers both volume and quality of demand and supply and has a grade standard. Bexotegrast nmr Finally, utilizing multi-source geographic big data, Nanjing is taken as a case study, the spatial characteristics and optimization path of urban resilience are identified. The main conclusions are as follows (1) The activity-environment system resilience presents a "center-periphery" sprawling spatial structure, and it is mainly at the level of "reluctant resilience" and "almost lack of resilience". (2) The evolution of the activity-environment system resilience is still absolutely volume driven, and the positive drive of relative quality is limited or even reversed. In addition, all the bilateral local spatial autocorrelations are generally represented as "center-periphery" separated spatial structures, but it is not always consistent with the overall trend. (3) For the governance of urban resilience, it is necessary to focus on common improvement and matching of absolute volume and relative quality in contents, orderly flow, accumulation and dispersion of supply and demand in ideas, and the strong support of new ideas and technologies in methods.Ionic liquids (ILs) become emerging pollutants and their toxicities earn increasing attentions. Yet, their effects were seldom explored on reproduction which connects generations and also effects across generations. In the present study, reproductive effects of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C2mim]Br), one representative IL, were studied on C. elegans with 11 continuously exposed generations (F1 to F11). At 8.20E-5 g/L, the effects on the initial reproduction showed oscillatory changes between stimulation (in F1, F3, F4, F6 and F10) and inhibition (in F2, F5, F7, F8 and F11). At 8.20E-3 g/L, the effects on the reproduction over generations also showed such oscillation despite of different stimulation or inhibition levels, and even opposite influences in F4 and F11. The effects of [C2mim]Br on the total reproduction also showed the concentration-dependent oscillation between stimulation and inhibition over generations, though they had less alteration frequencies than those on the initial reproduction. Biochemical and molecular indicators were further measured in F1, F4, F7 and F11 to explore potential mechanisms. Results showed that the effects on spermatocyte protein 8 (SPE8) showed positive correlation with those on reproduction while the influences on major sperm protein (MSP) and sperm transmembrane protein 9 (SPE9) showed negative correlation with SPE8. Moreover, the dysregulation on expressions of acs-2 and akt-1 indicated the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. The changes in expressions of set-2, met-2, set-25 and mes-4 demonstrated that the long-term reproductive impacts of [C2mim]Br over generations also involved histone methylation at H3K4, H3K9 and H3K36, which also connected with the glucolipid metabolism.The lack of long-term observations and satellite retrievals of health-damaging fine particulate matter in China has demanded the estimates of historical PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) concentrations. This study constructs a gridded near-surface PM2.5 concentration dataset across China covering 1980-2019 using the space-time random forest model with atmospheric visibility observations and other auxiliary data. The modeled daily PM2.5 concentrations are in excellent agreement with ground measurements, with a coefficient of determination of 0.95 and mean relative error of 12%. Besides the atmospher