Andreassen Paaske (flamesailor27)

Comments on "Amoebae Assemble Synthetic Spherical Particles to form Reproducible Constructs" where the studied organisms were misidentified.Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS), are significant products from radiolysis in solution. While much research has been focused on biological systems, these species are also important products in the autoradiolysis that occurs in nuclear waste. Here, we determine the correlation between solution constituents, particularly nitrite, and radical products in highly alkaline solutions relevant to liquid waste. Because these radicals tend to be very short-lived, we employ spin trapping in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to detect them and quantify their production. Most spin traps do not function in these conditions (>1 M NaOH); however, nitroalkanes such as nitromethane will act as spin traps in their aci form, which is dominant at high pH. To restrict the products to those originating from nitrite, we use 280-480 nm UV light to generate radicals, avoiding products from the photolysis of water. Under these circumstances, nitric oxide, nitrite radicals, and hydroxyl radicals are detected, and the trends with the concentration of the constituents of the solutions are tracked. These include nitrite, nitrate, hydroxide, and carbonate. We find that, while the equilibrium shifts with increasing pH from hydroxyl radicals to the more slowly reacting oxide radicals, the production of nitrite radicals does not decrease.Lanthanide-based dinitrogen reduction chemistry has been expanded by the discovery of the first end-on Ln2(µ-η1η1-N2) complexes. The formation of end-on versus the more common side-on Ln2(µ-22-N2) complexes is possible by using recently discovered Ln(II) complexes ligated by three NR2 amide ligands (R = SiMe3). The isolated Ln(II) tris(amide) complex [K(crypt)][Tb(NR2)3] (crypt = 2.2.2-cryptand), 1-Tb, reacts with dinitrogen in Et2O at -35 °C to form the end-on bridging dinitrogen complex [K(crypt)]2[(R2N)3Tb]2[µ-η1η1-N2], 2-Tb. The 18-crown-6 (18-c-6) Tb(II) analog, [K(18-c-6)2][Tb(NR2)3], 3-Tb, also reacts with N2 to form an end-on product, [K2(18-c-6)3][(R2N)3Tb]2[µ-η1η1-N2], 4-Tb. The reaction of 1-Gd with dinitrogen forms a complex with the same composition as 2-Tb, but with both side-on and end-on bonding of the N2 unit in the same crystal, [K(crypt)]2[(R2N)3Gd]2[µ-ηxηx-N2] (x = 1 and 2), 5-Gd. Similarly, the 18-c-6 Gd(II) complex, 3-Gd, generates a product with both binding modes [K2(18-c-6)3][(R2N)3Gd]2[µ-ηxηx-N2] (x = 1, 2), 6-Gd. All of these new reduced dinitrogen complexes, 2-Tb, 4-Tb, 5-Gd, and 6-Gd, have three ancillary amide ligands per metal. In contrast, the side-on bound complexes, [(THF)(R2N)2Ln]2[µ-η2η2-N2], 7-Ln, observed previously in Ln(NR2)3/K/N2 reactions, have only two amides per metal. A connection between these systems related to their formation was observed in the structure of the bimetallic penta-amide complex, [K(THF)6][(THF)(R2N)2Gd][µ-η2η2-N2][Gd(NR2)3], 8-Gd, synthesized at -196 °C. Reaction conditions are crucial in this dinitrogen reaction system. When 5-Gd and 6-Gd are warmed above - 15 °C, they reform Gd(II) complexes. If 1-Gd is dissolved in THF instead of Et2O under N2, the irreversible formation of an (N2)3- complex [K(crypt)][(THF)(R2N)2Gd]2[µ-η2η2-N2], 9-Gd, is observed.Crystal structure prediction (CSP) methods recently proposed a series of new rare-earth (RE) hydrides at high pressures with novel crystal structures, unusual stoichiometries, and intriguing features such as high-Tc superconductivity. RE trihydrides (REH3) generally undergo a phase transition from ambient P63/mmc or P3̅c1 to Fm3̅m at high pressure. This cubic REH3 (Fm3̅m) was considered to be a precursor to further synthesize RE polyhydrides such as YH4, YH6, YH9, and CeH9 with higher hydrogen contents at higher pressures. However, the structural stability and equation of state (EOS) of any of the REH3 have not bee