Bundgaard Willard (energyping1)

5 wt% clove essential oil was added to the system. The encapsulating systems had predominantly gel-like property with maximum elastic modulus of 411 Pa. Furthermore, the emulsion-filled CNF hydrogels with the addition of clove essential oil up to 0.5 wt% indicated good cell viability rates (74-101%) to human gingival fibroblast cells. The newly developed clove essential oil emulsion-filled CNF hydrogel shows desirable cytocompatibility characteristics and can be considered as an alternative scaffold for tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A consensus on which dental implant alloy and surface treatment provide the best cell viability is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to provide information on the influence of surface and intrinsic titanium alloy chemical components on cell viability. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE library, and Science Direct databases were electronically searched for the terms dental implants AND titanium AND cytotoxicity. Inclusion criteria were research articles that studied titanium or its alloys for chemical composition and cell viability and were published in English between 1999 and 2019. Articles that did not study titanium and its alloys, articles with nondental or biomedical implants, and articles that were not found in their entirety were excluded. RESULTS A total of 1226 articles selected by title or abstract according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in 51 articles that were reduced to 27 after reading in full. The treatments analyzed were arc fusion, electron beam physical deposition, plasma electrolytic oxidation, coating addition, micro arc oxidation, anodization, thermochemical process, BMP-2 immobilization, pressure-assisted sintering, and alkali heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated literature did not allow a determination of the best surface treatment for cell viability because of the heterogeneity of the studies regarding the type of alloy, cell used in the MTT assay, study, and implant purpose (biomedical or dental). The cytotoxic effect of chemical components was dependent on dose, time, size, temperature, and cell type. The niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and molybdenum elements have been most often added in the development of less toxic Ti alloys with lower modulus of elasticity and increased strength. OBJECTIVE To compare the usefulness of CT angiography against the gold standard, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), in the characterization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) that present with bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with intracranial bleeding due to an AVM who were included in a prospective database in the period comprising January 2007 through December 2012. We reviewed radiologic variables such as the characteristics of the AVM (size, location, presence of deep venous drainage), involvement of eloquent areas, and the presence of associated aneurysms. Two neuroradiologists blinded to clinical and radiological information analyzed the CT and DSA in consensus. RESULTS A total of 22 patients were included in the study. CT angiography correctly classified 15 of the 16 cases of AVM measuring less than 3cm (93.75% sensitivity). All cases of deep venous drainage and all those located in eloquent areas were correctly detected (100% sensitivity). The presence of any type of aneurysm related with the AVM was detected in 13 of 15 cases (86.6% sensitivity); 7 of 9 of the intranidal aneurysms were detected (77.78% sensitivity), as were 6 of the 9 flow aneurysms (66.67% sensitivity). CONCLUSION CT angiography is highly sensitive in the characterization of cerebral AVMs measuring less than 3cm, of those located in eloquent areas, and of those with deep venous drainage; it is also highly sensitive in detecting aneurysms related with AVMs. However, CT angiography is less sensitive in detecting intranidal and flow aneurysms related with AVMs. L.U.This study analys